Abstract:
:Billions of microorganisms can be found in the oral cavity, from which bacteria are the most frequent. More than 600 bacterial species can be isolated. Most of them are harmless, moreover, some species prove themselves to be specifically useful. However, in the case of a weakened immune status or inappropriate oral hygiene, they may cause many types of soft and hard tissue disorders. Caries and periodontal diseases are the most common bacterial diseases of the oral cavity. In both cases, the dental biofilm gives rise to the disorder, which is caused by the insufficient oral hygiene. Dental caries are mainly caused by cariogenic streptococci and lactobacilli. In the case of serious periodontal diseases, anaerob parodonto-pathogen microorganisms play the major role. Untreated caries may result in the necrosis of the pulp, which can cause an inflammation expanding towards the parodontium. This can be characterized as a focal infection, like the untreated periodontal pockets. Dental foci may have lots of systemic consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pneumonia, arthritis, preterm birth and alopecia areata. When these diseases occur, dental foci should always be considered. The professional plaque control and chlorhexidine rinsing before the proposed surgeries have an outstanding role in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Oral cancer is multicausal; more and more researchers are analyzing the role of certain bacteria in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer. In addition to the mentioned clinical aspects, we are planning to describe the relatively rare, but diverse and diagnostically challenging bacterial soft tissue disorders in another publication. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(19): 739-746. :Absztrakt: Az emberi szájüreg mikroorganizmusok milliárdjainak élőhelye. A legnagyobb arányban baktériumok vannak jelen, több mint 600 baktériumfaj izolálható. Nagy részük ártalmatlan, némelyik kifejezetten hasznos, azonban nem megfelelő szájhigiénia, illetve legyengült immunstatus esetén számos lágy- és keményszöveti megbetegedést okozhatnak, melyeknek sok esetben szisztémás következményeik lehetnek. A szájüreg leggyakoribb bakteriális megbetegedésének tekinthető a fogszuvasodás és a fogágybetegség. Mindkét esetben elsődleges kóroki szerepe van a nem megfelelő szájhigiénia következtében kialakult dentális biofilmnek. A fogszuvasodás kórfolyamatában a Streptococcus mutans, a S. sanguinis, a S. viscosus és a Lactobacillus acidophilus játszik főszerepet, súlyos fogágybetegség esetén viszont az anaerob parodontopathogen kórokozók jellemzők, úgymint Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus. A kezeletlen fogszuvasodás a fogbél elhalásához vezet, s ez a fogágy irányába terjedő gyulladást okoz, amely gócnak tekintendő. A kezeletlen fogágybetegség esetén csonttasakok keletkeznek, melyek szintén gócnak minősülnek. A fogászati gócoknak számos szisztémás következményük lehet, úgymint szív-ér rendszeri megbetegedések, cukorbetegség, tüdőgyulladás, ízületi gyulladás, koraszülés, foltos hajhullás. Ezen betegségek esetén mindenképpen gondolni kell fogászati gócra. A tervezett műtétek előtti professzionális plakk-kontroll és klórhexidines öblögetés kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bír az aspirációs pneumonia prevenciójában. A szájüregi daganatok multikauzálisak; egyre több kutatócsoport vizsgálja az egyes baktériumok szerepét a szájüregi daganatok karcinogenezisében. Az említett kórképeken kívül a viszonylag ritka, ámde sokféle formában megjelenő, gyakran diagnosztikai kihívást jelentő bakteriális lágyrész-betegségek bemutatását egy következő közleményben tervezzük. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(19): 739–746.
journal_name
Orv Hetiljournal_title
Orvosi hetilapauthors
Mensch K,Nagy G,Nagy Á,Bródy Adoi
10.1556/650.2019.31377subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
739-746issue
19eissn
0030-6002issn
1788-6120journal_volume
160pub_type
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