Abstract:
:Introduction: Sativex® spray is clinically utilized to deliver delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol to oral mucosa for systemic absorption. We challenge the consensus that the mechanism of absorption following the oro-mucosal application occurs via the buccal tissue. Areas covered: Correctness of the consensus of this absorption pathway arose when reviewing publications regarding the influence fed versus fasting states have on pharmacokinetics of these cannabinoids administered to the oral mucosa. This finding is more suitable for peroral administration, where stomach content affects the absorption profile. We hypothesize that these cannabinoids are ingested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Expert opinion: Although clinical importance of Sativex® is not disputed, the wide acceptance of its being a successful example of drug delivery through oral mucosa is questionable. Sativex® acts as an example for other drugs delivered to oral mucosa for systemic absorption and unintentionally washed by the saliva flow into the gastrointestinal tract. Delivery of each medicine through oral mucosa should be validated in-vivo to ensure this route to be the predominant one. Revealing the underlying absorption mechanisms would enable predicting the impact of different physiological parameters such as saliva flow and fed/fasting states on the pharmacokinetics of the delivered medication.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Delivjournal_title
Expert opinion on drug deliveryauthors
Itin C,Domb AJ,Hoffman Adoi
10.1080/17425247.2019.1653852subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
1031-1035issue
10eissn
1742-5247issn
1744-7593journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Due to the poor solvent properties of hydrofluoroalkanes, suspension is often the only formulation option for respiratory drug delivery. Research in this area has focussed mainly on two main themes over the past 5 years: new design of stabilisers and particle engineering. Among the most important advances, the introdu...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2.4.625
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver fibrosis and its end stage disease cirrhosis are a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. There is no effective pharmaceutical intervention for liver fibrosis at present. Many drugs that show potent antifibrotic activities in vitro often show only minor effects in vivo because of insufficient c...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425240902936834
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems have emerged as efficient approaches for enhancing the bioavailability and controlled delivery of various therapeutic agents. Significant advancements exploiting chitosan have been made worldwide, in order to investigate these systems according to patient requ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2012.673581
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Active targeting of bioactive molecules by physicochemical association with hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive approach in current nanomedicine because HA is biocompatible, non-toxic and non-inflammatory. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:This review focuses on synthesis, physicochemical characte...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425241003730399
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nanocarrier-based delivery systems offer multiple benefits to overcome limitations of the traditional drug dosage forms, such as protection of the drug, enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery to disease site, etc. Nanocarriers have exhibited tremendous successes in targeted delivery of therapeutics to...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/17425247.2021.1828339
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Most vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection using a hypodermic needle and syringe. Some limitations of this procedure include reluctance to be immunized because of fear of needlesticks, and concerns associated with the safe disposal of needles after their use. Skin delivery is an alternate ro...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2014.885947
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The ever-increasing developments in pharmaceutical formulations have led to the widespread use of biodegradable polymers in various forms and configurations. In particular, interpenetrating network (IPN) and semi-IPN polymer structures that are capable of releasing drugs in a controlled manner have gained ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2014.974871
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Topically applied small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be an effective treatment for skin disorders. Using noninvasive strategies can be a safe and effective siRNA-permeation-enhancement approach for facilitating skin delivery. It has been demonstrated that noninvasive approaches for enhancing siRNA transport...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2016.1121988
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive, transient and local image-guided blood-brain barrier disruption can be accomplished using focused ultrasound exposure with intravascular injection of preformed microbubbles. MRI-guided blood-brain barrier disruption has been demonstrated and has been shown to heal in within a few hours after exposure. The...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.4.1.27
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study focuses on the development of amlodipine bilayer buccal tablets of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix system containing polyacrylate polymer (Carbopol(®))/β-cyclodextrin as the drug layer and ethylcellulose as the non-swellable backing layer, and their biointerfacial phenomena. METHODS:T...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/17425247.2016.1154038
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The lung comprises an interesting route of administration not only for topical drugs but also for systemically acting drugs. Over the last years, several models have been developed in order to study the efficacy and safety of pulmonary drug delivery. OBJECTIVE:This review describes relevant drug delivery mo...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425240903241788
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Thermosensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate (C/GP) solutions exhibiting sol-gel transition around body temperature were prepared to develop a class of injectable hydrogel platforms for the imaging and loco-regional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded in the thermosen...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1042452
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nanocomposite microparticles are intelligent carriers utilised for pulmonary drug delivery. These carriers are composed of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles dispersed in microstructures of polysaccharides. Upon administration, the inhaled microparticles can penetrate and be deposited deeply in the lung due t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2016.1102224
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::dl-Methylphenidate (MPH) remains the most widely used pharmacological agent in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The predominantly dopaminergic mechanism of the psychostimulant actions has become more clearly defined. Neuroimaging and genetic studies are revealing the underlying neuropa...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2.1.121
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Since decades, cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. The increasing knowledge of molecular and tumor biology has significantly changed the cancer treatment paradigms during the past few years. AREA COVERED:Conventionally, the first-line treatment of solid tumors is their surgical removal foll...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1757645
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Cisplatin has been indicated for several malignancies all over the world for many years. Increasing patient tolerance for high dose of chemotherapeutics and reducing side effects has been granted by drug encapsulated liposomal systems. There have been much efforts for improving cisplatin delivery to the ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1737672
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Directly delivering liquid using direct current power was a dream for 40 years. Now, the electrokinetic pump can accomplish it. This review reports recent developments in microfabricated electrokinetic pump technologies and their applications, and also discusses the electrophoresis pump and elctroosmotic pump, as well...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.4.2.119
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Current therapies of neurodegenerative or neurometabolic diseases are, to a large extent, hampered by the inability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This very tight barrier severely restricts the entrance of molecules from the blood into the brain, especially macromolecular substances (i....
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1698544
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of infectious diseases is in crisis and there is a need for strategies that can facilitate the rapid development of new antimicrobial agents. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a therapeutic modality originally developed for cancer treatment, has recently been suggested as a novel therapy for the treatment of a varie...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2.6.1075
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficient and minimally invasive vector systems appear to be the most appropriate for both gene therapy and drug delivery. Numerous viral and non-viral vectors have been developed. Each vector has its own advantages and limitations. OBJECTIVE:New vectors have been required for overcoming the limitations of ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.5.2.221
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral colon-targeted drug delivery systems have gained enormous attention among researchers in the last two decades. The significance of this site-specific drug delivery system can be measured by its usefulness for delivering a variety of therapeutic agents, both for the treatment of local diseases or for systemic ther...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/17425247.2011.597739
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Biopolymers have been used extensively in the pharmaceutical field. Pectin, a biopolymer, has several unique properties that enable it to be used as an excipient or carrier for oral drug delivery systems. Accordingly, several investigators have identified the benefits of pectin-based delivery systems for o...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2011.584867
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most overwhelming type of leishmaniasis associated with the poverty of developing countries and usually mortal if untreated. Most of the conventionally used dosage forms offer us the shortcomings of toxic side effects and emergence of drug resistance. Several e...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425240903548232
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-based carrier systems have many advantages over other nanoparticle-based systems. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, facilely tunable and superparamagnetic and thus controllable by an external magnetic field. These attributes enable their broad biomedic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2013.747507
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Peritoneal metastases of cancer remain a major cause of an adverse outcome and death following surgical treatment of malignancies that occur within the abdomen and pelvis. The administration of a chemotherapy solution directly into the peritoneal space has been used to improve the survival in this group ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425247.2019.1693997
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Amphiphilic block copolymers are recognized components of parenteral drug nanocarriers. However, their performance in oral administration has barely been evaluated to any great extent. AREAS COVERED:This review provides an overview of the methods used to prepare drug-loaded polymeric micelles and to evalu...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.960841
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of insulin pens has helped improve adherence in Type 1 or 2 diabetes, and reduce inaccurate dosing, fear of injection, and social embarrassment associated with vial and syringe. This report presents the published evidence base for the accuracy, patient preference and economic evaluation of one prefill...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.5.8.915
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment in which a combination of a photosensitising drug and visible light causes destruction of selected cells. Due to the lack of true selectivity of preformed photosensitisers for neoplastic tissue and their high molecular weights, PDT of superficial skin lesions...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.5.7.757
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Even though pulmonary diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, exceedingly few life-prolonging therapies have been developed for these maladies. Relief may finally come from nanomedicine and targeted drug delivery. AREAS COVERED:Here, we focus on four conditions for w...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.961418
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Pulmonary drug delivery is a complex field of research combining physics which drive aerosol transport and deposition and biology which underpins efficacy and toxicity of inhaled drugs. A myriad of preclinical methods, ranging from in-silico to in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo, can be implemented.Areas cove...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug delivery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/17425247.2020.1730807
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00