Abstract：
:Statistical learning is a set of cognitive mechanisms allowing for extracting regularities from the environment and segmenting continuous sensory input into discrete units. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (N = 25) in conjunction with an artificial language learning paradigm to provide new insight into the neural mechanisms of statistical learning, considering both the online process of extracting statistical regularities and the subsequent offline recognition of learned patterns. Notably, prior fMRI studies on statistical learning have not contrasted neural activation during the learning and recognition experimental phases. Here, we found that learning is supported by the superior temporal gyrus and the anterior cingulate gyrus, while subsequent recognition relied on the left inferior frontal gyrus. Besides, prior studies only assessed the brain response during the recognition of trained words relative to novel nonwords. Hence, a further key goal of this study was to understand how the brain supports recognition of discrete constituents from the continuous input versus recognition of mere statistical structure that is used to build new constituents that are statistically congruent with the ones from the input. Behaviorally, recognition performance indicated that statistically congruent novel tokens were less likely to be endorsed as parts of the familiar environment than discrete constituents. fMRI data showed that the left intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus support the recognition of old discrete constituents relative to novel statistically congruent items, likely reflecting an additional contribution from memory representations for trained items.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Ordin M,Polyanskaya L,Soto Ddoi
10.1111/nyas.14299subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
60-76issue
1eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1467pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Major trauma, shock, sepsis, and other conditions can lead to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may progress to the highly lethal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Although a number of therapeutic strategies have been initiated, their success has been limited largely due to an incomplete ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05713.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and its receptor (IGF-IR) play an important role in mitogenesis, apoptosis, growth, and proliferation of several types of cancers. Overexpression of IGF-IR in colorectal cancer is associated with increase of cancer cell proliferation and migration as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1378.029
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Music-supported therapy (MST) has been developed recently to improve the use of the affected upper extremity after stroke. MST uses musical instruments, an electronic piano and an electronic drum set emitting piano sounds, to retrain fine and gross movements of the paretic upper extremity. In this paper, we first desc...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06425.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CBrs), CB1 and CB2, mediate the effects of cannabinoids and marijuana use, with functional evidence for other CBrs. CB1 receptors are expressed primarily in brain and peripheral tissues. For over a decade several laboratories were unable to detect CB2 receptors in brain an...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1369.052
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the past few years, developmental scientists have switched their attention from the study of DNA sequencing to the epigenetic state of the genome. Studying epigenetics could present the key to understanding gene expression changes without altering the basic structure of DNA. For example, the blastocyst, trophec...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05937.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro lethal activity of two Bacillus thuringiensis strains (IB-16 and IB-61) against Haemonchus contortus histotropic fourth stage larvae (L(4)) was evaluated. Each B. thuringiensis strain was used as soluble proteins at different concentrations. In addition, the in vitro lethal dose (LD(50)) of each strain wa...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1428.077
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to visualize androgen receptors (ARs) in the testis, epididymis, and prostate of the stallion by means of immunohistochemistry. Nuclear immunostaining was found in all somatic cells in the testis--Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells; in both types of epithelial cells of the epi...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1327.030
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoblast-specific gene transcription requires interaction between bone cell-specific transcription factors and more widely expressed transcriptional regulators. This is particularly evident for the basic domain-leucine zipper factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), whose activity can be enhanced or inhibite...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06197.x
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All blood cells are derived from multipotent stem cells, the so-called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), that in adults reside in the bone marrow. Most types of blood cells also develop there, with the notable exception of T lymphocytes that develop in the thymus. For both HSCs and developing T cells, interactions with...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06626.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex developmental process. Spermatozoa, like ova, are uniquely capable of supporting embryonic development. Our approach to understanding this process is to identify genes whose developmental pattern of expression suggests that they may play a role in spermatogenesis. Experiments on ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb25002.x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, the ability of high-dose androgens, namely AAS, administered during adolescence to facilitate aggressive behavior in experimental animals was examined. Data from these studies show clearly that exposure to high doses of multiple AAS during adolescent development can predispose animals to intense ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32546.x
更新日期：1996-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparative studies of in vivo and in vitro reactivities to Kveim preparations have been carried out in 45 sarcoid and 30 normal subjects. Lymphocytes of 14 of 45 sarcoids and 4 of 30 normals proliferated significantly in response to at least 1 of the 4 Kveim suspensions used for in vitro studies. The prevalence of po...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47084.x
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac afferent neurons are activated in the setting of myocardial ischemia and mediate the sensation of angina. However, the precise stimuli and receptive molecules responsible are not completely understood. To further investigate the molecular components involved, cardiac afferents were isolated in dissociated cult...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03669.x
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Bar Harbor 129 dystrophic mice, thymic development is abnormal. Before weaning, the thymus is slightly smaller than in phenotypically normal littermates; after weaning, however, the lymphoid elements undergo rapid atrophy. The epithelial elements, in contrast, display hyperlasia. Thymectomy has no influence on the ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56574.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In two experiments, musically trained and untrained adults were tested on their ability to match spoken utterances with their tonal analogues (tone sequences that retained the pitch and temporal patterns of the utterances). In both cases, musical training was associated with superior performance, indicating an enhance...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1284.067
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionary theories suggest that the expression of extended longevity depends on the organism's ability to shift energy from reproduction to somatic maintenance. New data led us to reexamine our older data and integrate the two into a larger picture of the genetic and metabolic alterations required if the animal is ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02097.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A radioimmunoassay method (RIA) with specific antisera for human and rat alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was used to study the evolution of AFP levels in humans and rats, respectively, throughout the life span. Sera of 66 rats, aged 3-70 weeks, as well as sera of 201 clinically well children, 192 healthy blood donors, and 16...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb25398.x
更新日期：1975-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of a nonantimicrobial tetracycline analogue, CMT-8, on bone loss and osteoclasts in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Three-month-old female rats were OVX, and, one week later, distributed into three groups: sham-operated non-OVX controls, untreated OVX controls, and CMT-8-treated OVX rats. After 145 ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07694.x
更新日期：1999-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary antecedent of the nervous system is "microbial consciousness." In my description of the origin of the eukaryotic cell via bacterial cell merger, the components fused via symbiogenesis are already "conscious" entities. I have reconstructed an aspect of the origin of the neurotubule system by a hypothes...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05707.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased oxidation of carbohydrates and free fatty acids is a well-known phenomenon during cold stress. Nevertheless, sources of the fuels used have not been fully clarified as yet. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of acute cold exposure on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in human subcutaneous ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04308.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bipolar disorder is a chronic, recurrent illness that ranks among the top 10 causes of disability in the developed world. As the illness progresses, major depressive episodes increasingly predominate. However, few treatment options are available that have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bipolar depression, e...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.12965
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of animal cells, tissues, or organs for humans is being investigated as an alternative to allotransplantation and as therapy for a broad range of disease states including diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and neurologic pain control. The risk of transmitting novel infections with these tissues, xenozoonoses, has ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09121.x
更新日期：1998-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The new vogue for systems biology is an important development. It is time to complement reductionist molecular biology by integrative approaches. But this welcome development is in danger of losing its way. Many of the early implementations of the approach are very low level, in some cases hardly more than an extensio...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1420.000
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Na,K-ATPase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and each subunit consists of multiple isoforms. In the case of alpha, four isoforms, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 are present in mammalian cells. The distribution of these isoforms is tissue- and developmental-specific, suggesting that they may play sp...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our objective was to learn the prevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia detected in ticks in La Rioja, in the north of Spain. From 2001 to 2005, 496 ticks representing 7 tick species were analysed at the Hospital de La Rioja. Ticks were removed from humans with or without rickettsial syndrome (n = 59) or col...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1374.060
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of combined treatment with ribavirin and tiazofurin on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the best characterized animal model for human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, was investigated. The disease was induced in highly susceptible Dark Agouti rats with spinal cord homogena...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1342.047
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One in 12 people worldwide suffers from diabetes and more than 90% of affected adult individuals are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity adds to the personal risk to develop T2DM, and both metabolic diseases are rampantly increasing worldwide. Over recent years, primary cilia have moved into the fo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13216
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine whether treatment with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which causes transient cellular immunity depression, influences tuberculin skin testing (TST) interpretation. The study was also aimed to assess the degree of cellular immunity depression following open heart surgery. Fifteen children from developing coun...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1398.027
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence from experimental animal studies show that sex hormones influence the glucocorticoid response to a variety of inflammatory and noninflammatory stimuli. In this study we assessed gender differences in the response of ACTH and cortisol in normal young male and female humans following intravenous infusion of hum...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04203.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study explores the mechanisms dominating the regulation of the biochemical energy consumption and the mechanical output of the actin-myosin motor units, the crossbridges (Xbs), in the cardiac sarcomere. Our analytical model, which couples Xbs cycling dynamics with the kinetics of the free Ca(2+) binding to tropon...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1302.006
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
