The conscious cell.

Abstract:

:The evolutionary antecedent of the nervous system is "microbial consciousness." In my description of the origin of the eukaryotic cell via bacterial cell merger, the components fused via symbiogenesis are already "conscious" entities. I have reconstructed an aspect of the origin of the neurotubule system by a hypothesis that can be directly tested. The idea is that the system of microtubules that became neurotubules has as its origin once-independent eubacteria of a very specific kind. Nothing, I claim, has ever been lost without a trace in evolution. The remains of the evolutionary process, the sequence that occurred that produced Cajal's neuron and other cells, live today. By study of obscure protists that we take to be extant decendants of steps in the evolution of cells, we reconstruct the past directly from living organisms. Even remnants of "microbial mind" can be inferred from behaviors of thriving microorganisms. All of the eukaryotes, not just lichens or an animal's neurons, are products of symbiogenesis among formerly free-living bacteria, some highly motile. Eukaryotes have evolved by the inheritance of acquired genomes; they have gained all their new features by ingesting and not digesting whole bacterial cells with complete genomes.

journal_name

Ann N Y Acad Sci

authors

Margulis L

doi

10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05707.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-04-01 00:00:00

pages

55-70

eissn

0077-8923

issn

1749-6632

journal_volume

929

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Can we use steroid hormones to immunomodulate rheumatic diseases? Rheumatoid arthritis as an example.

    abstract::This review discusses the available clinical trials in which steroids have been used in the (adjuvant) treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Glucocorticosteroids have a positive effect on symptoms and signs of inflammation, but probably not on structural damage. Therefore glucocorticosteroids should be used as part of a ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07659.x

    authors: Bijlsma JW

    更新日期:1999-06-22 00:00:00

  • Defining the role of subolesin in tick cell culture by use of RNA interference.

    abstract::Development of tick vaccines provides new opportunities for control of tick infestations and tick-borne diseases. Recently, the tick-protective protein, subolesin, was identified in a cell line derived from Ixodes scapularis by expression library immunization and a mouse model of tick infestations. While subolesin was...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1428.058

    authors: Blouin EF,Manzano-Roman R,de la Fuente J,Kocan KM

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Tight-junctional modification as the basis of osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier.

    abstract::Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) most likely is mediated by modification of interendothelial tight junctions, subsequent to shrinkage of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, and not by stimulation of transendothelial vesicular transport or by channel formation. This paper summarizes evidence for this con...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27155.x

    authors: Rapoport SI,Robinson PJ

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • An attempt to do without dark matter.

    abstract::The discrepancy between dynamical mass measures of objects such as galaxies and the observed distribution of luminous matter in the universe is typically explained by invoking an unseen "dark matter" component. Dark matter must necessarily be nonbaryonic. We introduce a simple hypothesis to do away with the necessity ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05627.x

    authors: Kinney WH,Brisudova M

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic and environmental influences on exceptional longevity and the AGE nomogram.

    abstract::To live beyond the octogenarian years, population and molecular genetic studies of centenarian sibships indicate that genetic factors play an increasingly important role as the limit of life span is approached. These factors are likely to influence basic mechanisms of aging that in turn broadly influence susceptibilit...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02077.x

    authors: Perls T

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • A psychosocial perspective. Growing up with thalassemia, a chronic disorder.

    abstract::Thalassemia influences individual and family psychosocial functioning. Parental reaction to diagnosis affects the parent-child relationship, parents' roles, and family resources for coping. A child frequently translates parental reactions into personal attitudes of dependency and lowered self-esteem. In coping with on...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24331.x

    authors: Nash KB

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical trials and experience: Boston.

    abstract::Our cumulative experience continues to validate the fetal nucleated erythrocyte as the target fetal cell type of choice, primarily because it reflects the cytogenetic status of the current pregnancy. Additional cell types, such as the granulocyte, await further study. Quantitative PCR is a sensitive and useful new met...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb55752.x

    authors: Bianchi DW

    更新日期:1994-09-07 00:00:00

  • Causes of intrauterine growth restriction and the postnatal development of the metabolic syndrome.

    abstract::The term intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is assigned to newborns with a birth weight and/or birth length below the 10th percentile for their gestational age and whose abdominal circumference is below the 2.5th percentile with pathologic restriction of fetal growth. IUGR is usually due to maternal, fetal, or pla...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1365.012

    authors: Valsamakis G,Kanaka-Gantenbein C,Malamitsi-Puchner A,Mastorakos G

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Immunomodulating activity of myelopeptides: clinical trials.

    abstract::Bone marrow cells of various animal species and the human produce a group of bioregulatory peptides called myelopeptides (MPs). A highly purified myelopeptide (MP) fraction and some individual molecules have been isolated from the supernatant of the porcine bone marrow cell culture by successive gel chromatography and...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35888.x

    authors: Petrov RV

    更新日期:1993-06-23 00:00:00

  • The origin of downbeat nystagmus: an asymmetry in the distribution of on-directions of vertical gaze-velocity Purkinje cells.

    abstract::Various hypotheses on the origin of cerebellar downbeat nystagmus (DBN) have been presented; the exact pathomechanism, however, is still not known. Based on previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies, we propose that an asymmetry in the distribution of on-directions of vertical gaze-velocity Purkinje cells l...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1325.065

    authors: Marti S,Straumann D,Glasauer S

    更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00

  • Lymphocytic esophagitis: a histologic pattern with emerging clinical ramifications.

    abstract::The clinical significance of lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE), which is characterized by the prominence of peripapillary intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) without significant granulocytosis, remains poorly understood. During the last few years, plausible clinical correlates and novel approaches for stratification of LyE...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/nyas.13260

    authors: Lisovsky M,Westerhoff M,Zhang X

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • Acquired enamel pellicle and its potential role in oral diagnostics.

    abstract::The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) is a protein film with unique composition and properties, which is formed by the selective adsorption of a variety of oral fluid-derived proteins onto tooth enamel surfaces. Since events leading to caries and periodontal disease occur in close proximity to the tooth surface, pellicle...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1384.023

    authors: Siqueira WL,Helmerhorst EJ,Zhang W,Salih E,Oppenheim FG

    更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00

  • The role of input-output analysis of energy and ecologic systems. In the early development of ecological economics--a personal perspective.

    abstract::A summary is provided of the early history of research on the flow of nonrenewable energy resources through the economy and of the flow of renewable energy resources through a natural ecosystem. The techniques are similar, and many specific applications are provided. A combined economic and ecological technique is als...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05165.x

    authors: Hannon B

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • The antioxidative effect of carboxyfullerenes (C3/D3) on iron-induced oxidative injury in CNS.

    abstract::Carboxyfullerenes, including two regioisomers C3 and D3, were investigated as antioxidants against iron-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Both C3 and D3 dose-dependently inhibited autoxidation and iron-elevated lipid peroxidation in cortical homogenates. The antioxidative property of C3 was compared to Tr...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08012.x

    authors: Lin AM,Luh TY,Chou CK,Ho LT

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine in induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

    abstract::The neuroprotective action of l-carnitine (LC) in the rat model of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was examined. 3-NPA is known to produce decreases in neuronal ATP levels via inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. SD...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07536.x

    authors: Binienda ZK

    更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00

  • The concepts of the ventral striatopallidal system and extended amygdala.

    abstract::The concepts of the ventral striatopallidal system and extended amygdala have significantly improved our understanding of basal forebrain organization. As a result of these and other advances during the last twenty years, many of the most prominent basal forebrain structures, including the nucleus accumbens, olfactory...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09258.x

    authors: de Olmos JS,Heimer L

    更新日期:1999-06-29 00:00:00

  • T lymphocyte responses to heterologous secondary dengue virus infections.

    abstract::The available evidence suggests that plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by the action of circulating mediators on the vascular endothelium, and that the host immune response is a critical determinant of this response. We have been exploring the role of dengue virus-specific T lymphocytes in the immun...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05055.x

    authors: Rothman AL

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Imaging brain response to reward in addictive disorders.

    abstract::We compare the evidence from human neuroimaging studies for and against two of the major hypotheses of how alterations in the brain's reward system underlie addiction. One of these, the impulsivity hypothesis, proposes that addiction is characterized by excessive sensitivity to reward combined with a failure of inhibi...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05898.x

    authors: Hommer DW,Bjork JM,Gilman JM

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Genomic evaluation of HLA-DR3+ haplotypes associated with type 1 diabetes.

    abstract::We have defined three sets of HLA-DR3(+) haplotypes that provide maximum risk of type 1 disease development in Indians: (1) a diverse array of B8-DR3 haplotypes, (2) A33-B58-DR3 haplotype, and (3) A2-B50-DR3 occurring most predominantly in this population. Further analysis has revealed extensive diversity in B8-DR3 ha...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/nyas.12019

    authors: Kumar N,Kaur G,Tandon N,Kanga U,Mehra NK

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of methylated nucleoside synthesis in vivo: accumulation of incompletely methylated transfer RNA in ethionine-treated cells of Escherichia coli B.

    abstract::tRNA prepared from cells of E. coli B that had been incubated with 0.5% DL-ethionine (Ethio sRNA) was found to accept methyl groups from 14CH3-S-adenosyl-methionine in the enzymatic reaction catalyzed in vitro by tRNA methyl transferases from untreated cells of the same organism. tRNA from cells that were not exposed ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29261.x

    authors: Wainfan E,Maschio FA

    更新日期:1975-08-08 00:00:00

  • Glycation products as markers and predictors of the progression of diabetic complications.

    abstract::The structure of a growing number of glycation and advanced glycation end products has been elucidated. Measuring these products can be used to assess cumulative glycemic and glycoxidative damage in diabetes and other chronic conditions. The predictive power of a given glycation product can be tested in large prospect...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1196/annals.1333.065

    authors: Monnier VM,Sell DR,Genuth S

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • IVIG and PLEX in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

    abstract::Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange (PLEX) are used to treat myasthenia gravis (MG) but with little trial evidence. While a class I study provided evidence for the efficacy of IVIG treatment, the empirical support for PLEX has been less convincing until recently. In a randomized controlled single-mas...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06767.x

    authors: Bril V,Barnett-Tapia C,Barth D,Katzberg HD

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of phytochemicals on thyroid function and their possible role in thyroid disease.

    abstract::About 1 of 10 women, particularly those older than 60 years of age, shows some degree of thyroid hormone deficiency. Thyroid diseases are generally characterized by perturbations of thyroid signaling homeostasis. The most common examples of thyroid diseases include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and several types of...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/nyas.13980

    authors: Pistollato F,Masias M,Agudo P,Giampieri F,Battino M

    更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00

  • Role of steroid hormone-regulated genes in implantation.

    abstract::The endometrium acquires the ability to implant the developing embryo within a specific time window, termed the "receptive phase." During this period, the endometrium undergoes pronounced structural and functional changes induced by the ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, which prepare it to be receptive to i...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03792.x

    authors: Bagchi IC,Li Q,Cheon YP

    更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00

  • Catecholaminergic pathways, chromaffin cells, and human disease.

    abstract::Recent studies demonstrate major effects of adrenal medullary and catecholaminergic pathways on a wide variety of normal physiologic and regulatory events. Alterations in these pathways, involving changes in catecholamines or in proteins and peptides costored and coreleased with catecholamines, may lead to profound ch...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04514.x

    authors: Parmer RJ,Zinder O

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • Deoxyribonuclease activity and circulating DNA concentration in blood plasma of patients with prostate tumors.

    abstract::The DNase activity and circulating DNA (cirDNA) concentration in blood plasma of healthy donors, patients with chronic prostatitis, and patients with prostate tumors were analyzed. The concentration of the cirDNA from plasma was determined by PicoGreen fluorescent assay. DNase activity in blood was measured using the ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1448.016

    authors: Cherepanova AV,Tamkovich SN,Bryzgunova OE,Vlassov VV,Laktionov PP

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Fetal origins of adult diabetes.

    abstract::According to the fetal origin of adult diseases hypothesis, the intrauterine environment through developmental plasticity may permanently influence long-term health and disease. Therefore, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), due either to maternal, placental, or genetic factors, may permanently alter the endocrine...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05683.x

    authors: Kanaka-Gantenbein C

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • A novel class of amitogenic alginate microcapsules for long-term immunoisolated transplantation.

    abstract::In the light of results of clinical trials with immunoisolated human parathyroid tissue Ba2+-alginate capsules were developed that meet the requirements for long-term immunoisolated transplantation of (allogeneic and xenogeneic) cells and tissue fragments. Biocompatibility of the capsules was achieved by subjecting hi...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03833.x

    authors: Zimmermann U,Thürmer F,Jork A,Weber M,Mimietz S,Hillgärtner M,Brunnenmeier F,Zimmermann H,Westphal I,Fuhr G,Nöth U,Haase A,Steinert A,Hendrich C

    更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00

  • Opioid modulation of ventral pallidal inputs.

    abstract::While the ventral pallidum (VP) is known to be important in relaying information between the nucleus accumbens and target structures, it has become clear that substantial information processing occurs within the VP. We evaluated the possibility that opioid modulation of other transmitters contained in VP afferents is ...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09268.x

    authors: Napier TC,Mitrovic I

    更新日期:1999-06-29 00:00:00

  • Senescence marker protein-30 knockout mouse as an aging model.

    abstract::A mouse strain lacking SMP30 can be regarded as a strain showing ultimate decrease of the SMP30 molecule. After three months of age, SMP30-KO mice had an increased mortality rate, compared with the SMP30-WT mice, all of which remained alive. Electron microscopic observation of the hepatocytes from 12-month-old SMP30-K...

    journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1196/annals.1297.068

    authors: Maruyama N,Ishigami A,Kuramoto M,Handa S,Kubo S,Imasawa T,Seyama K,Shimosawa T,Kasahara Y

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00