Abstract：
:Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is usually a benign event, but sometimes it may represent the initial presentation of several cardiac disorders associated with sudden cardiac death during physical activity. A careful evaluation is essential particularly in young adults and in competitive athletes in order to exclude the presence of an underlying life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The present review analyzes the main non-cardiac and cardiac causes of syncope and the contribution of the available tools for differential diagnosis. Clinical work-up of the athlete with syncope occurring in extreme environments and management in terms of sports eligibility and disqualification are also discussed.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Transl Resjournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular translational researchauthors
D'Ascenzi F,Zorzi A,Sciaccaluga C,Berrettini U,Mondillo S,Brignole Mdoi
10.1007/s12265-020-09989-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
322-330issue
3eissn
1937-5387issn
1937-5395pii
10.1007/s12265-020-09989-0journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:CD147, a member of the immunoglobulin super family, is a well-known potent inducer of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases. Studies show that CD147 is upregulated in inflammatory diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall. Further understanding of the functions of CD147 in athero...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-015-9608-6
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sympathetic stimulation modulates L-type calcium channel (LTCC) gating to contribute to increased systolic heart function. Rad is a monomeric G-protein that interacts with LTCC. Genetic deletion of Rad (Rad-/-) renders LTCC in a sympathomimetic state. The study goal was to use a clinically inspired pharmacological str...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-016-9716-y
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increases in oxidative stress in the heart play an important role in mediating hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the consequent development of heart failure. Although it has been widely believed that electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the primary source o...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-010-9184-8
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ligustrazine is one of the alkaloid compounds isolated from the traditional Chinese herb, which shows protective effects on cardiovascular disorders. High homocysteine (Hcy) level can predict cardiovascular-related events including death. In this study, we used Hcy to stimulate the human umbilical vein endothelial cel...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-019-09900-6
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in men and women in the USA; yet, coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be underrecognized and underdiagnosed in women. Noninvasive and invasive imaging techniques are constantly being developed in order to more accurately assess CAD. At the same time, the impa...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-013-9500-1
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, the available evidence about the functional effects of the contractile protein mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is assessed. The molecular mechanism of the contractile apparatus of cardiac muscle and its regulation by Ca(2+) and PKA phosphorylatio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-011-9266-2
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advancement of pediatric medical devices is an important challenge currently facing the Food and Drug Administration and the medical community. In this manuscript, the challenges are described and possible solutions presented. ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-009-9100-2
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic heart disease (IHD) or myocardial ischemia is one of the leading causes of mortality all over the world. There is a definite need for new approaches to improve therapies and diagnostics. The pathological process leading to IHD is associated with an altered expression of genes that are important for cardiac fu...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-010-9168-8
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this observational case-control study, circulating levels of complement factors C3a and C5a and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were analysed in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients regarding their association with diagnosis and prognosis. Serum C5a was significantly raised in AAA patients compared to healthy controls-me...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-020-10086-5
更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases of the electrical conduction system that lead to irregularities in cardiac rhythm can have morbid and often lethal clinical outcomes. Linkage analysis has been the principal tool used to discover the genetic mutations responsible for Mendelian arrhythmic disease. Although the majority of arrhythmias can be ac...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-008-9030-4
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is common in heart failure (HF) patients and is associated with worsening outcome. Detecting and tracking functional CI during activities of daily living could provide insight into its contribution to HF symptoms and facilitate effective HF patient management. HF patients (n = 180, NYHA ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s12265-010-9227-1
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reperfusion injury may offset the optimal salvage of myocardium achieved during primary coronary angioplasty. Thus, coronary reperfusion must be combined with cardioprotective adjunctive therapies in order to optimize myocardial salvage and minimize infarct size. Forty-three patients with their first ST-elevation myoc...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s12265-010-9252-0
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using unipolar atrial electrogram morphology as guidance for ablative therapy is regaining interest. Although standardly used in clinical practice during ablative therapy, the impact of filter settings on morphology of unipolar AF potentials is unknown. Thirty different filters were applied to 2,557,045 high-resolutio...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-020-10011-w
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiological abnormalities associated with increased arterial stiffness and/or abnormal pressure wave reflection may play crucial roles in increasing the risk of development of cardiovascular events. On the other hand, prehypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure of 120-139 and/or a diastolic blood ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-011-9345-4
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit remarkable plasticity during postnatal development. Vascular injury initiates and perpetuates VSMCs dedifferentiation to a synthetic phenotype, which has been increasingly recognized to play a central role in neointimal hyperplasia during the pathogenesis of vascular prolif...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-010-9163-0
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit a well-established interrelationship and a growing prevalence, in particular in elderly people. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to improve myocardial function in patients with HF and cardiac dyssynchrony. However, reports on CRT in d...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-014-9545-9
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although most cardiac cell therapy trials have focused on patients with acute myocardial infarction, attempts at "regenerating" chronically failing hearts have also been performed. These studies have entailed use of skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow-derived cells. In the case of skeletal myoblasts, the randomized pla...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-008-9017-1
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intercellular communication mediated by exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, is crucial for preserving vascular integrity and in the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. As natural carriers of signal molecules, exosomes released from sources such as blood cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, sm...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-016-9682-4
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common finding among patients with cardiac amyloidosis. We sought to determine the prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis in patients who had undergone CTS surgery. From 2005 to 2014, 308 patients ≥ 60 years underwent CTS surgery. Of these, 233 (76%) agreed to participate in the study and ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-019-09895-0
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood-based biomarker testing of insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell dysfunction may identify diabetes risk earlier than current glycemia-based approaches. This retrospective cohort study assessed 1,687 US patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) under routine clinical care with a comprehensive panel of 19 ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s12265-014-9577-1
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of recreational/non-elite athletes participating in marathons is increasing, but data regarding impact of endurance exercise on cardiovascular health are conflicting. This study evaluated 79 recreational athletes of the 2016 Barcelona Marathon (72% men; mean age 39 ± 6 years; 71% ≥35 years). Blood samples w...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/s12265-017-9744-2
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this paper is to provide an updated review for scientists and clinicians on the major areas in cardiovascular medicine published in the Journal. Leading topics in regenerative and personalized medicine are presented along with a critical overview of the field. New standards in large preclinical animal mode...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-015-9657-x
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been clinically proven to improve symptoms, exercise capacity, and quality of life and promote reduction in ventricular dimensions. When combined with a defibrillator (CRT-D), significant reductions in all-cause mortality alone and in combination with cause-specific hospital...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-008-9051-z
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, several longitudinal epidemiological studies have brought attention to the haptoglobin genotype and its importance in determining diabetic vascular disease risk. This manuscript presents an overview of the biology of the haptoglobin genotype and reviews the literature concerning its role in the d...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-012-9361-z
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previously developed poly-L-lactide scaffold releasing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PLLA/GCSF) was tested in a rabbit chronic model of myocardial infarction (MI) as a ventricular patch. Control groups were constituted by healthy, chronic MI and nonfunctionalized PLLA scaffold. PLLA-based electrospun scaffo...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-016-9718-9
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This manuscript reviews the studies performed with ALX-0081 (INN: caplacizumab), a Nanobody targeting von Willebrand factor, in the context of current antithrombotic therapy in coronary artery disease. ALX-0081 specifically inhibits platelet adhesion to the vessel wall, and may control platelet aggregation and subsequ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-012-9435-y
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different arrhythmogenic substrates for atrial fibrillation (AF) may underlie aortic valve (AV) and mitral valve (MV) disease. We located conduction disorders during sinus rhythm by high-resolution epicardial mapping in patients undergoing AV (n = 85) or MV (n = 54) surgery. Extent and distribution of conduction delay...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-019-09936-8
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease affects 80 million people in the USA and is the leading cause of death. Significant limitations of current treatments necessitate the development of novel strategies. Cardiovascular tissue engineering is an emerging field focused on the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain,...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12265-007-9005-x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension plays a significant role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications. The coexistence of the two diseases increases the risk of thromboembolism events. Although CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores have been used in the evaluation of the thromboembolism events in AF patients, the differ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-017-9754-0
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a meta-analysis of preclinical studies that tested left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy for reducing myocardial infarct size in experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Twenty-six articles were included with a total of 488 experimental animal subjects. The meta-analysis showed that infarct...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular translational research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12265-020-10068-7
更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00
