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Transvalvular Flow, Sex, and Survival After Valve Replacement Surgery in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:The respective impacts of transvalvular flow, gradient, sex, and their interactions on mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) are unknown. OBJECTIVES:This study sought to compare the impact of pre-operative flow-gradient patterns on mortality after AVR and to examine whether there are sex differences. METHODS:This study analyzed clinical, echocardiographic, and outcome data prospectively collected in 1,490 patients (544 women [37%]), with severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent AVR. RESULTS:In this cohort, 601 patients (40%) had normal flow (NF) with high gradient (HG), 405 (27%) NF with low gradient (LG), 246 (17%) paradoxical low flow (LF)/HG, and 238 (16%) LF/LG. During a median follow-up of 2.42 years (interquartile range: 1.04 to 4.29 years), 167 patients died. Patients with LF/HG exhibited the highest mortality after AVR (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33 to 3.03; p < 0.01), which remained significant after multivariate adjustment (HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.98; p < 0.01). Both LF/LG and NF/LG patients had comparable outcome to NF/HG (p ≥ 0.47). Optimal thresholds of stroke volume index were obtained for men (40 ml/m2) and women (32 ml/m2). Using these sex-specific cutpoints, paradoxical LF was independently associated with increased mortality in both women (adjusted HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.47; p < 0.01) and men (adjusted HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.32; p = 0.042), whereas guidelines' threshold (35 ml/m2) does not. CONCLUSIONS:Paradoxical LF/HG was associated with higher mortality following AVR, suggesting that a reduced flow is a marker of disease severity even in patients with HG aortic stenosis. Early surgical AVR (i.e., before gradient attains 40 mm Hg) might be preferable in these patients. Furthermore, the use of sex-specific thresholds (<40 ml/m2 for men and <32 ml/m2 for women) to define low-flow outperforms the guidelines' threshold of 35 ml/m2 in risk stratification after AVR.

journal_name

J Am Coll Cardiol

journal_title

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

authors

Guzzetti E,Poulin A,Annabi MS,Zhang B,Kalavrouziotis D,Couture C,Dagenais F,Pibarot P,Clavel MA

doi

10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.065

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-04-28 00:00:00

pages

1897-1909

issue

eissn

0735-1097

issn

1558-3597

pii

S0735-1097(20)34553-8

journal_volume

pub_type

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Transvalvular Flow, Sex, and Survival After Valve Replacement Surgery in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis.