Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Many studies have identified urban-rural differences in the occurrence of schizophrenia. Though unknown, the underlying causes responsible for these differences have been hypothesized to include urban-rural differences in toxic exposures, diet, infections, stress, or an artifact due to selective migration. Freeman hypothesized that persons with schizophrenia migrate towards larger cities due to development of their disorder or its prodromata. Based on this, the reason for the high frequency of schizophrenia in urban areas is not that those affected have lived in environmentally unfavorable areas, but that people with schizophrenia selectively migrate towards urban areas due to disease onset. No population-based studies accessed the extent and potential impact of this artifact of selective migration. METHODS:Utilizing a population-based sample of the Danish population, it was investigated if persons with schizophrenia more often migrated towards larger cities due to disease onset. The impact of selective migration on the urban-rural differences was quantified comparing a prospective and a retrospective study. RESULTS:Compared to healthy controls, persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder migrate to a higher degree of urbanization due to disease onset (OR=1.18 (1.14-1.23)). However, the bias in urban-rural effect sizes due to this artifact of selective migration was limited. CONCLUSION:Persons with schizophrenia drift towards urban areas as a consequence of the disorder or its prodromata, but this drift has only limited impact on the urban-rural differences. Therefore, prospective and retrospective studies are both informative on the unknown underlying factor or factors responsible for the urban-rural differences in schizophrenia risk.
journal_name
Schizophr Resjournal_title
Schizophrenia researchauthors
Pedersen CBdoi
10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
204-8issue
1-2eissn
0920-9964issn
1573-2509pii
S0920-9964(15)00457-0journal_volume
168pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:In schizophrenic psychoses, the normal sexual dimorphism of the brain has been shown to be disrupted or even reversed. Little is known, however, at what time point in emerging psychosis this occurs. We have therefore examined, if these alterations are already present in the at-risk mental state (ARMS) for ps...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.034
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the best established cognitive bias in schizophrenia and is increasingly targeted in interventions aimed to improve positive symptoms. To address shortcomings of the standard measure to capture JTC, the beads task, we developed a new variant-the box task-which was subsequently validated...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.056
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diminished expressivity is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia-spectrum pathology. However, attempts to elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of diminished expressivity have yielded limited information. The present study posited that diminished expressivity was associated with a right, but not left-hemisph...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2009.01.010
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer cell activity was prospectively studied in 15 patients with chronic schizophrenia and in seven patients with schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. These patients were compared to individually matched normal controls. No mean differences in natural killer cell activity between the patient groups and ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-9964(92)90028-4
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain morphometry has been studied extensively in schizophrenic patients, and among the cortical differences identified two consistent findings are decreased cerebellar vermal volume and increased volume of the fourth ventricle; although contradictory findings are reported as well. Recent cognitive activation studies ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(98)00137-6
更新日期：1999-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This nation-wide register-based study investigates the family load of schizophrenia (SZ) across three generations in affected families compared to control families. Furthermore the study compares the family load in case vs. control families considering the age of onset of the disorder in the cases. In additi...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.014
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study sought to evaluate levels of insight and change in insight in subjects with schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders. This study also evaluated the relationship of insight to acute psychopathology. METHOD:One-hundred and eighty-seven subjects consecutively admitted to an acute care psyc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00215-7
更新日期：2000-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of the risk of schizophrenia and related non-affective psychoses among individuals exposed to head injury have reported conflicting findings. The diagnostic specificity of reported associations remains unclear and the effects of sex, genetic vulnerability and timing of exposures are also uncertain. The authors...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.001
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A false sense of reality is a characteristic of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Reality confusion may also emanate from posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions, as evident in confabulations that patients act upon and disorientation. This confusion can be measured by repeated runs of a continuous...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.036
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with psychotic disorders show impairments in the recognition of emotions in other people. These impairments have been associated with poor social functioning as measured by self-report questionnaires, clinical interviews and laboratory-based tests of social skills. The ecological validity of these t...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.003
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of stereotype suppression on psychiatric stigma were investigated in two studies. In experiment 1, 52 participants were presented with a photograph of someone labeled with schizophrenia and instructed to write a passage describing a day in that person's life. Half of the participants were instructed to avo...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00207-9
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate transporters facilitate the buffering, clearance and cycling of glutamate and play an important role in maintaining synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate levels. Alterations in glutamate transporter expression may lead to abnormal glutamate neurotransmission contributing to the pathophysiology of schizophreni...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.019
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to quantitatively examine brain grey matter reduction in schizophrenia patients with persistent negative symptoms (PNS). METHOD:A total of 12 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies were included in ALE meta-analysis using more...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.005
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Speech deficits, notably those involved in psychomotor retardation, blunted affect, alogia and poverty of content of speech, are pronounced in a wide range of serious mental illnesses (e.g., schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorders). The present project evaluated the degree to which these deficits manifes...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.032
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a strong candidate gene for schizophrenia and other mental disorders, regulates neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth and spine development. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) directly interacts with DISC1 and also plays a role i...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.032
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomics studies have highlighted an abnormal cerebral glucose and energy metabolism as one of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. This raises the possibility that a metabolically-based intervention might have therapeutic value in the management of sch...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.011
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Symptomatic remission and its associated factors have been evaluated in several studies of younger schizophrenic patients. Although the number of older individuals with schizophrenia is rapidly growing, evaluations of remission in elderly patients are scarce and limited to samples of convenience, questioning...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.09.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Older paternal age predicts schizophrenia diagnosis in offspring. If this relationship reflects a pathogenic process, paternal age should predict the expression of subclinical schizophrenia liability (schizotypy). We hypothesized that paternal and maternal ages predict positive, negative, and disorganized fe...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.018
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence that schizophrenia is a neuro-immune disorder. Genes linked to intragenic LINE-1 methylation show a strong association with immune-associated disorders including psychosis. The aim of this study was to examine LINE-1 methylation patterns in paranoid schizophrenia and methamphetamine-induced...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.015
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spectral entropy (SE) is a measurement from information theory field that provides an estimation of EEG regularity and may be useful as a summary of its spectral properties. Previous studies using small samples reported a deficit of EEG entropy modulation in schizophrenia during cognitive activity. The present study i...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.057
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria have been linked to the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). However, studies of mitochondria in SZ might be confounded by the effects of pharmacological treatment with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and other common medications. This review summarizes findings on relevant mitochondria mechanisms underlying SZ, an...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2019.09.007
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Evidence from epidemiology suggests that low maternal vitamin D may be a risk factor for schizophrenia. METHOD:Based on sera taken during the third trimester, we compared the level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 in mothers of individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders versus mothers of unaffected c...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00435-8
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although patients with schizophrenia have reduced brain size, there is no conclusive evidence that they have reduced head size. This begs the question: 'What is the precise relationship between head size and brain size?' We used a unique osteological collection to explore the relationship between external head measure...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00098-5
更新日期：2000-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:While the "clinical high-risk state" for psychosis has demonstrated good reliability and fair predictive validity for psychotic disorders, over 50% of identified subjects do not progress to psychosis. Despite the benefits that early detection and treatment might offer, debate concerning the official inclusion of a "ps...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2010.03.012
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Functional remission (FR) is an intermediate and necessary step toward recovery, but is understudied in first-episode psychosis (FEP). We aimed to examine the rate and predictors of FR in FEP patients in the context of a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) comparing a 1-year extension of early intervention (Ex...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.016
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychotic experiences are far more common in the population than psychotic disorder. They are associated with a number of adverse outcomes but there has been little research on associations with functioning and distress. We wished to investigate functioning and distress in a community sample of adolescents with psycho...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.020
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of first-episode psychosis studies have shown that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is more stable across time than other diagnoses within the psychosis spectrum disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic stability in a sample of first-episode patients and to determine the factors tha...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.018
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five schizophrenic patients diagnosed by DSM-III-R underwent event-related potentials and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Latency and amplitude of P300 waveform were measured using an auditory odd-ball paradigm. Anterior and posterior volumes of the superior temporal gyrus and medial temporal structure were m...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00055-8
更新日期：1997-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed visuospatial attention in healthy adults and medicated schizophrenic patients. Participants performed a visual orientation task in which a peripheral cue was followed. at different intervals, by a target presented either at valid or invalid locations. When the long stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) w...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00044-4
更新日期：1999-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research demonstrates that people with schizophrenia have abnormally 'restricted' visual scanpaths to face and facial expression stimuli, which appear to be diagnostically specific to schizophrenia [Schizophr. Res. 55 (2002) 159; Biol. Psychiatry 52 (2002) 338]. This study examined the familial transmission o...
journal_title：Schizophrenia research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00094-x
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
