Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In endodontics, a major diagnostic challenge is the accurate assessment of pulp status. In this study, we designed and characterized a fiber-based laser speckle imaging system to study pulsatile blood flow in the tooth. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:To take transilluminated laser speckle images of the teeth, we built a custom fiber-based probe. To assess our ability to detect changes in pulsatile flow, we performed in vitro and preliminary in vivo tests on tissue-simulating phantoms and human teeth. We imaged flow of intralipid in a glass microchannel at simulated heart rates ranging from 40 beats/minute (bpm) to 120 bpm (0.67-2.00 Hz). We also collected in vivo data from the upper front incisors of healthy subjects. From the measured raw speckle data, we calculated temporal speckle contrast versus time. With frequency-domain analysis, we identified the frequency components of the contrast waveforms. RESULTS:With our approach, we observed in vitro the presence of pulsatile flow at different simulated heart rates. We characterized simulated heart rate with an accuracy of and >98%. In the in vivo proof-of-principle experiment, we measured heart rates of 69, 90, and 57 bpm, which agreed with measurements of subject heart rate taken with a wearable, commercial pulse oximeter. CONCLUSIONS:We designed, built, and tested the performance of a dental imaging probe. Data from in vitro and in -vivo tests strongly suggest that this probe can detect the presence of pulsatile flow. LSI may enable endodontists to noninvasively assess pulpal vitality via direct measurement of blood flow.
journal_name
Lasers Surg Medjournal_title
Lasers in surgery and medicineauthors
Regan C,Yang BY,Mayzel KC,Ramirez-San-Juan JC,Wilder-Smith P,Choi Bdoi
10.1002/lsm.22370subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
520-5issue
6eissn
0196-8092issn
1096-9101journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:A relatively low level of lysosomal photodamage has been shown capable of promoting the efficacy of photodamage simultaneously or subsequently directed to mitochondrial/ER sites. The procedure has hitherto involved the use of two photosensitizing agents that require irradiation at two different wavelengths an...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.22813
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Interstitial laser thermotherapy was used to treat rat liver tumours. The aim was to investigate the influence of temperature and temporary hepatic inflow occlusion on tumour growth and blood perfusion. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:Liver tumours were treated at 44°C at the tumour border ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.21024
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To investigate silicone naphthalocyanine (SINc; 0.5 mg/kg) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the ciliary body in pigmented rabbits. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:SINc was dissolved in canola oil by heating, emulsified with Tween-80, and given by ear vein. Pharmacokinetics were studied in ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)18:1<86::AID-LSM11>3.
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Er:YAG laser has been used for caries removal and cavity preparation, using ablative parameters. Its effect on the margins of restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the enamel adjacent to restored Er:YAG la...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/lsm.20684
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the potential of combining laser excision with laser interstitial hyperthermia in order to improve the quality of life of patients with 3rd or 4th stage malignant head and neck tumours. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:To evaluate the quality of life, we used the 4th version of...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.10253
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vivo biological activity of uroporphyrin I has been studied by determining the amount of necrosis produced in murine tumors exposed to various total doses of light at 615 nm. Similarly, the in vitro photosensitizing activity of uroporphyrin I was examined by measuring the percentage of cells killed in a cell cu...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.1900060207
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To evaluate safety and efficacy of treatment with the picosecond Nd:YAG 532 nm for lentigines in Asian skin. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a prospective, open-label cohort study, using a novel picosecond 532-nm laser for the treatment of facial lentigines. Subjects received up to...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.23103
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To determine the true efficacy of the 308-nm excimer laser for the treatment of vitiligo, while taking into account confounding factors such as anatomic site of treatment, age, sex, skin type, MED, and duration of evolution of the vitiligo. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty-five patie...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20057
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) which contains large amounts of growth factors has been tried to enhance therapeutic efficacy of laser treatment for acne scar with unknown underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVES:The present study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of increased clinical efficacy of PRP...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/lsm.22776
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In previous investigations, small variations in the energy densities of low level light therapy (LLLT) were found to produce significant differences in the proliferation of resting T-lymphocytes in vitro. Pulsing these cells with mitogen in addition to laser therapy produced inhibitory effects ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(2000)26:4<357::aid-lsm3>3.
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Alternative treatments are needed to achieve consistent and more complete port wine stain (PWS) removal, especially in darker skin types; photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment. To this end, we previously reported on Talaporfin Sodium (TS)-mediated PDT. It is essential ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.22677
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The risk of adverse skin effects following light-based hair removal is greater in pigmented skin based on the theory of selective photothermolysis. Thus sunlight-induced pigment i.e., facultative pigmentation, increases the risk of adverse skin effects, perhaps disproportionately. The aim of t...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/lsm.22167
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To produce controlled, spatially confined thermal effects in dermis. STUDY DESIGNS/MATERIALS AND METHODS:A 1 W, 1,500 nm fiber-coupled diode laser was focused with a high numerical aperture (NA) objective to achieve a tight optical focus within the upper dermis of skin held in contact with a ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20142
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser on radicular dentine permeability when using distilled and deionized water and 1% NaClO as irrigating solutions. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty human maxillary canines were divided randomly into six groups. The root canals were inst...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.10214
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Laser lithotripsy, often used during ureteronephroscopy (URNS), requires the Ho:YAG optical fiber transmit energy via total internal reflection (TIR). In critical lower pole deflections, energy may refract into the cladding causing fiber failure and scope damage. New optical fiber technology aims to have inc...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.22822
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Wound-healing delays caused by lateral thermal damage to tissue remain a drawback of CO(2) surgical lasers. This study compares the thermal damage and wound-healing properties of a 7.5-micros pulsed CO(2) laser with scalpel and continuous wave (CW) CO(2) laser incisions. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(2000)26:1<22::aid-lsm5>3.0
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to examine the acute response of normal arterial wall to pulsed laser irradiation. Irradiation with an Excimer or a Holmium YAG laser was performed in 15 normal iliac sites of 8 male New Zealand white rabbits. The excimer laser was operated at 308 nm, 25 Hz, 50 mJ/mm2/pulse, and 135 nsec/pulse ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.1900130404
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Chronic sun-exposure results in five main changes to exposed skin: telangiectasia, hyperpigmentation, rhytides, enlarged pores, and sagging skin. Various laser and non-laser modalities have been used to improve sun-damaged skin. The pulsed-dye laser (PDL) has an unparalleled safety record and ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20463
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical aminolevulinic acid (ALA) depends on local drug uptake, metabolism to porphyrins, and depth of light penetration using different wavelengths. Topical ALA-PDT has limited depth of drug penetration. We studied induced porphyrin distribution and PDT after intradermal ALA...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.21073
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A low-energy Nd:YAG laser was used to irradiate extracted human teeth coated with a black energy-absorbent laser initiator in a study to determine the extent of the morphologic changes produced in the enamel surface. The laser initiator was applied to a cleaned enamel surface and irradiated at an energy output of 30 m...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.1900100510
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Attempts at using the pulsed dye laser (PDL) operating at 585 nm wavelength and 0.45 milliseconds pulse duration to treat leg veins have been notably unsuccessful. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and complications of the 595 nm long PDL in the treatment of leg veins. STUDY D...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20035
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used MR monitoring to guide and evaluate the effects of the Nd:YAG interstitial laser on a well-characterized rat brain tumor model (C6). MRI was used to determine the tumor size, verify the location of the interstitial probe, and evaluate the size and location of the laser-induced lesion during and after trea...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.1900130502
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The clinical application of laser-assisted vascular anastomosis is afflicted by unreliable and low bonding strengths as well as tedious handling during microvascular surgery. The challenge to be met arises from the flow-off of the chromophore during soldering that changes the absorption and sta...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.22701
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Lasers have a favorable synergistic effect when combined with other modalities of treatment against keloids. Different types of lasers have been used with triamcinolone infiltration, resulting in promising success rates. The purpose of this study is to describe our first experience treating ear...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.23310
更新日期：2020-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:A synthetic contact sapphire endoprobe attached to the quartz fiber of a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser had been used in the transurethral treatment of bladder tumors. A total of 68 operations have been carried out in 48 patients. The contact probe was placed directly into the tumor under direct visi...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.1900070616
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Transient optical nerve stimulation is a promising new non-contact, spatially precise, artifact-free neural excitation technique useful in research and clinical settings. This study evaluates safety of this pulsed infrared laser technique by histopathologic examination of stimulated peripheral ...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20522
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In the last decade, many different kinds of therapies have emerged as a consequence of advances in the field of applied technology. It is known that low level laser therapy contributes to tissue healing; however, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in healing and the scar formation processes...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20062
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate: 1. thermal events during laser irradiation @2.1 microns of the pulp; 2. whether these effects are adequately modeled using an empty pulp chamber/root canal. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:In extracted human teeth, pulpal access was prepare...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1998)22:1<46::aid-lsm11>3.
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the antiallergic effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) at 650 nm in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR), and to examine the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS:BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum and challenged intranasally wi...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.23141
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Port wine stains (PWS) affect 0.3-0.5% of both sexes of newborns, usually occurring on the face. OBJECTIVE:To document safety and effectiveness of cryogen spray cooled, pulsed-dye laser at higher fluences than previously used to lighten facial PWS in infants < or =6 months, and establish that frequent treat...
journal_title：Lasers in surgery and medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/lsm.20529
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
