Abstract:
:The aims of this study were to analyze the seasonal distribution of infective larvae on the soil surface, to determine whether numbers of infective larvae near faeces were related to the faecal egg count of individuals, and to relate the distribution of larvae to environmental characteristics. Larvae were recovered from damp pads, applied to the soil surface in an annulus around fresh, identified stools of individuals who were participating in a larger epidemiological study. This provided an estimate of exposure to infection at the time of defaecation. Transmission was restricted to the rainy season and large aggregations of larvae were encountered earlier rather than later in the rainy season. Frequency distributions for the number of larvae extracted from each pad showed a high degree of aggregation, with most monthly counts showing good fits to the negative binomial probability distribution. Despite variations in monthly sampling means, the degree of aggregation in the population of larvae was remarkably stable over the 18 month sampling period (k of negative binomial = 0.01 to 0.08). Estimates of the degree of aggregation of the parasites in the human population were also available, and comparisons suggest that the infective larvae were much more aggregated than the parasitic stages. There was no relationship between the mean daily egg output of individuals and the number of larvae which developed and were recovered from the soil surface near the faeces. Thus, people who contribute large numbers of eggs to the environment are not necessarily those who are the greatest source of infection for others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Hominick WM,Dean CG,Schad GAdoi
10.1016/0035-9203(87)90371-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
978-86issue
6eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen. METHODS:A total of 406 children were screened for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis. A pretested questionnaire was used...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa115
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Eight weeks following infection with Schistosoma mansoni ICR strain mice showed much more marked hepatic fibrosis than did C57BL/6 mice or hamsters. None the less, extracts of the hepatic granulomata of these animals had similar fibroblast stimulating activity when assayed in vitro. ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90369-4
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and natural infections of Simulium sanchezi by Mansonella ozzardi were studied in the area of Síquita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. The microfilariae developed synchronously in the blackflies, reaching stage L3 in seven to eight days at temperatures between 23 degrees and 27 degrees C. Larvae i...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90226-3
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and co-trimoxazole were both effective in reducing fever, clearing parasitaemia and improving anaemia in children aged < 5 years with uncomplicated malaria in 2 Kenyan endemic sites, Oyugis in the west and Tiwi on the coast. We compared the efficacy of these 2 regimens (in May-July 1998)...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90107-5
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper provides an overview of the methods in which geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology have been used to visualise and analyse data related to vectorborne diseases (VBD) in West Africa and to discuss the potential for these approaches to be routinely included in future studies ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spread of chloroquine resistance throughout the world poses a major problem in combating malaria. In the present study, an efficient polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR--SSCP)-based assay detected the PfCRT K76T point mutation, which is a marker for chloroquine resistance. For ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.05.020
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred and eighteen patients with acute falciparum malaria were randomized into treatment with either intramuscular or oral sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar, Roche) and the results were compared with those from 68 patients treated in parallel with chloroquine. Parasitological cure rate was 97% with oral sulfad...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90131-w
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) as a cause of diarrhoea in eastern Indonesia was investigated in 74 children during the dry season in Ujung Pandang. Six of the children less than five years old with diarrhoea were infected with ETEC. One child was infected with tetracycline-resistant bacteria...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(83)90015-9
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seroprevalence of toxocariasis was investigated in 1997/98 in 1009 schoolchildren (aged 5-12 years) throughout Trinidad. Infection, as measured by titre, was found to be high compared to values obtained from children in other countries. Using an excretory-secretory antigen and performing an ELISA test, it was foun...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90281-6
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a survey for taeniasis and cysticercosis among persons living in a Mexican village where Taenia solium infection in pigs was known to be enzootic. A standardized questionnaire was administered in all 577 households to obtain medical histories and information on demographic and environmental factors and on...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90493-6
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because background seroepidemiological data are required before nationwide vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is attempted, the rate of exposure to HBV was investigated in two high-risk Saudi groups: patients on haemodialysis and patients with congenital bleeding disorders. Although the HBsAg carrier rate was...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90668-8
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Singapore in 2005 there were 14,209 documented cases of dengue fever, including 25 deaths. The epidemiology of dengue in Singapore is changing, with increasingly severe infection in adults with chronic disease being recognised. We performed a retrospective review of nine adult patients who died of dengue-related il...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.06.005
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the mucosal immune response against Cryptosporidium has been suggested by studies on the therapeutic effects of hyperimmune colostrum. In order to study the intestinal response to this infection, we have developed a sandwich-type time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the determination of anti-Cryptosp...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90152-g
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In highly malaria-endemic areas, thick smears are usually positive regardless of the clinical context. Therefore the simple positivity or negativity of the thick smear is not an adequate criterion for distinguishing malaria from other causes of fever. In order to define simple parasitological and clinical criteria for...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90054-9
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1991, a study on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and infection rates was carried out in the human and mosquito populations of a Polynesian village where, 10 years before, the mf prevalence rate was 6.4% and twice-yearly mass treatment with 3 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was interrupted. Venous blood sa...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90245-8
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Chronic hepatitis B infection affects 240 million people, with the highest prevalence in Africa and Asia, and results in 700 000 deaths annually. Access to diagnostics, particularly for hepatitis B virus viral load quantification (HBV DNA), is a major barrier to treatment. We aimed to test World Health Organ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several parts of Africa because of the increasing prevalence of chloroquine resistance. However, chloroquine was a highly effective treatment for malaria not only because of its ability to kill parasites quickly but also ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimum treatment for louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) has not been fully established. Eliminating spirochetes is often associated with the potentially lethal Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR). The objective of this meta-analysis was to review the evidence supporting the use of antibiotics usually employed for t...
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更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introducti...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90518-x
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Algeria where two forms have been previously described, the sporadic form caused by Leishmania infantum in the north and the cutaneous form caused by L. major in central and southern parts of the country. During 2005, a CL outbreak occurred in the province of Ghardaïa, locate...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of neurological manifestations of infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei have been described including cerebral abscesses, which are a well-recognized form of neurological melioidosis. The optimal antibiotic therapy for this condition has not been defined; however, combinations of intravenous antibiotics a...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report two patients who presented with a long-lasting febrile illness associated with pancytopenia. Both of them had evidence of hypercellular marrow with haemophagocytosis. They were confirmed as having rickettsial infections by serology and had a rapid haematological recovery with anti-rickettsial antibiotics. We...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.003
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize red cell susceptibility to invasion in malaria, a selectivity index (SI) was calculated as the ratio of observed number of multiple-infected red cells to that expected from a random process (Poisson distribution). In patients with falciparum malaria (n = 100) SI decreased with increasing parasitaemia (...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90295-x
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic patients, and especially elderly patients in a low-nutritional or immunocompromised state, are prone to a variety of opportunistic infections. 'Myiasis' is a term that refers to non-iatrogenic infestation of tissues by larvae, commonly known as maggots, of dipterous flies. Myiasis as a complication of fractur...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.011
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Home-Based Management of Fever/Malaria (HBMF) strategy in rural Uganda was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study. The intervention consisted of volunteers educating mothers and providing a 3-day course of pre-packaged chloroquine plus sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine tablets (HOMAPAK), free of charge, for the treatment...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.005
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a five-year period, 45 Nigerians with radiographic appearances of diffuse pulmonary infiltration with at least six sputum specimens negative on culture for tubercule bacilli were investigated at University College Hospital, Ibadan. The value of pulmonary function studies and open or closed lung biopsy in discov...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(79)90171-8
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amoebic liver pus has an acidic pH. Hence the pleural aspirate from an amoebic empyema due to rupture of an amoebic liver abscess has an acidic pH. In contrast, the pH of pleural aspirates from effusions and empyema of non-amoebic aetiology were noted to have an alkaline pH. The clinical significance of these observat...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(76)90180-2
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lysophospholipid analogues (LPAs) comprise a class of metabolically stable compounds that have been developed as anticancer agents for over two decades, but which have also potent and selective antiparasitic activity, particularly against trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, both in vitro...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.03.010
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00