Abstract:
:Phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) represents a noninvasive technique for the assessment of ocular metabolism. The measurement of a spectrum of phosphorus-containing metabolites (e.g., phosphorylated sugars and ATP), including a number of heretofore uncharacterized metabolites, can be made with a single analysis. In addition to quantitating phosphatic metabolites, 31P NMR can be employed to monitor (1) the rate of metabolic change in a specific biochemical reaction via T1 and T2 relaxation times, and (2) the rate of change in the concentration of a particular metabolite. Several calculations indicating tissue energy status (health) can be made using quantitative spectroscopic information including: the phosphorylation potential, the energy charge of the adenylate system, and the 31P spectral modulus. Tissue pH can be determined as a function of shift in 31P NMR signals. 31P NMR techniques have both research and diagnostic applications in ophthalmology since potentially it provides a noninvasive method to analyze ocular tissues metabolically and detect subtle biochemical changes that precede overt manifestation of disease states. Such detection may allow for early and more effective therapeutic intervention of disease. Furthermore, the noninvasive quality of NMR spectroscopy will permit continual evaluation of therapy.
journal_name
Surv Ophthalmoljournal_title
Survey of ophthalmologyauthors
Greiner JV,Kopp SJ,Glonek Tdoi
10.1016/0039-6257(85)90063-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-11-01 00:00:00pages
189-202issue
3eissn
0039-6257issn
1879-3304pii
0039-6257(85)90063-3journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The presence of retinal vasculopathy in the absence of typical predisposing factors should suggest a possible underlying hematologic abnormality. In such cases, a systemic investigation may reveal a potentially fatal hypercoagulability or hyperviscosity syndrome. Retinal vein occlusion is the most commonly encountered...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.10.006
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review summarizes recent short-term clinical studies evaluating the ocular hypotensive efficacy of different dose-regimens of latanoprost. When tested in ocular hypertensive and glaucoma patients concomitantly treated with timolol, 0.006% latanoprost given only in the evening, was found to be more effective than ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(97)80011-2
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy percent of the blood flow to the eye goes to the choroid, a structure that is vitally important to the function of the retina. The in vivo structure of the choroid in health and disease is incompletely visualized with traditional imaging modalities, including indocyanine green angiography, ultrasonography, and...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.12.001
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The published evidence that instilled drugs can affect the blood supply to the retina and optic nerve head in humans is examined. As a background, seven techniques that have been used to measure flow are briefly described and criticized. For timolol, the corresponding measurements, obtained by a number of investigator...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00326-0
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scleritis is typically a severe painful inflammatory process centered in the sclera that may involve the cornea, adjacent episclera, and underlying uvea; it poses a significant threat to vision. Careful clinical history taking, detailed ocular examination, appropriate investigation for ocular disease with or without u...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.04.001
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of intravitreal (IVT) corticosteroids for treatment of posterior segment diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. A commonly recognized complication of IVT steroids is secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) that can occur immediately secondary to direct intraocular volume increase or weeks to mo...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.08.003
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 55-year-old man with a history of mantle cell lymphoma reported acute blurred vision in the right eye. Although initially diagnosed with acute retrobulbar optic neuritis, 3 weeks later retinal infiltrates and vitritis developed, but vitrectomy resulted negative for vitreoretinal lymphoma. Further investigation revea...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.05.006
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To diagnose the cause of chronic unilateral external ocular inflammation, the physician must take into account many factors usually not considered in bilateral cases. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of ten unilateral cases encompassing a variety of ocular and systemic problems. The purpose of this report is t...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90019-5
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topical treatment of ocular bacterial infection is practiced widely, and the choice of the antibacterial agent depends on the nature of the infection, including the susceptibility of the organism, the tissue affected, and the safety profile of the agent. Moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone approved for...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.05.003
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 63-year-old man developed bilateral conjunctival injection and irritation followed by periocular discomfort and diplopia. Within weeks left proptosis and intermittent fever were noted. Orbital CT scan showed bilateral nodular enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the extraocul...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90087-2
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in many developed countries. Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare complication with potentially devastating visual outcomes. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in cataract surgery despite growing evidence of the...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.04.004
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adjunctive therapy for the management of glaucoma is commonly used. Unfixed combinations of the prostaglandin analog latanoprost and other glaucoma medications have been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The range of reported additional reductions in IOP compared to a monotherapy baseline a...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00295-3
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjunctivochalasis, defined as a redundant conjunctiva typically located between the globe and the lower eyelid, is not uncommon. However, it is often overlooked, as it may be considered a normal senile change. Conjunctivochalasis can cause a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from aggravation of a dry eye at the mild sta...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00037-x
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial diseases frequently manifest neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and signs. Because of the predilection of mitochondrial disorders to involve the optic nerves, extraocular muscles, retina, and even the retrochiasmal visual pathways, the ophthalmologist is often the first physician to be consulted. Disorders ca...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.10.002
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medication errors are a frequent cause of medical malpractice claims. Because serious injury often results, medication errors can be costly to defend, indemnify or settle. A review of five closed claims involving glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, antibiotics and silver nitrate offers insight into how ophthalmologists ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(95)80031-x
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphoma of the eyelid constitutes 5% of ocular adnexal lymphoma. In previously published cases, 56% of lymphomas of the eyelid are of B-cell origin and 44% are of T-cell origin. The most frequent B-cell lymphomas are extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (27 cases-14%) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (18 cases-9%). T-c...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.11.009
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves a progressive impairment of the outer layers in the center of the retina. Experimental studies have demonstrated that bright light preferentially damages precisely the region that degenerates in AMD. The evidence that solar radiation is responsible for some of the deteri...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90174-9
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful, non-invasive technique for mapping human brain function. Because of the robust signal intensity changes associated with visual stimuli, fMRI is particularly useful for studying visual cortex (including both striate and extrastriate cortex). Also, activation o...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00356-9
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a highly innovative technique which allows for the generation of large amounts of DNA starting from minute quantities obtained from the blood or tissue of a patient. With the increasing knowledge concerning the structure of the human genome and the potential to amplify specific s...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(96)00004-5
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgeons must decide on the type of anesthesia to use when performing cataract surgery. These "viewpoints" articles provide a well-balanced discussion offering the pros and cons of both topical anesthesia and retrobulbar/peribulbar injection. Dr. Dutton gives an overview of both techniques, focusing on relevant orbita...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(01)00246-6
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review comprises brief discussions of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and treatment of the oculogenital diseases as they appear typically in the newborn infant, the child, and the adult. Inclusion conjunctivitis is the most frequently occurring oculogenital infection in all three c...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(76)90223-x
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia are helping to remove the pigmented cloud which has obstructed the view of researchers on this disease for many years. Clinical features, diagnostic testing, histopathologic variations and principles of treatment are evaluated in the context o...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(79)90018-3
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 81-year-old-woman developed a right facial palsy and orbital cellulitis following an apparently innocuous puncture injury of the right lower eyelid. Generalized tetanus ensued which proved fatal despite aggressive treatment including use of tetanus immune globulin, wound debridement, and neuromuscular blockade with...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(87)90118-4
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once we understand that an increase in the size of the optic disk cup is due to loss of optic nerve fibers combined with some physical tissue rearrangements, it is quite clear that cupping begins as soon as nerve loss begins. Methods to detect cupping are more sensitive to the earliest glaucoma damage than are present...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90080-3
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the most common cause of failure of surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, despite the substantial effort that has been devoted to better understanding and managing this condition during the past 25 years. Basic research has indicated that PVR represents scarring,...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00023-x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jules Gonin's former student presents a personal and historical biography of the Swiss ophthalmologist, who, between 1902 and 1921, explored and illustrated the many unknown aspects of retinal detachment, defined its pathogenesis, and developed the method of reattachment by ignipuncture and thermocautery. ...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(76)90125-9
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corneal lymphangiogenesis is the extension of lymphatic vessels into the normally alymphatic cornea, a process that compromises the cornea's immune-privileged state and facilitates herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK results most commonly from infection by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and is characterized by immun...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.06.001
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::New methods of corneal preservation for penetrating keratoplasty have recently been developed to meet the increasing demand for donor corneal tissue. Techniques utilized in the laboratory to evaluate the viability of the corneal endothelium and the clinical results obtained with each method are discussed. All of the n...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(77)90112-6
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome is a microincisional glaucoma surgery modality with an electrosurgical device to ablate the trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm canal to restore conventional outflow along its physiological route, thereby decreasing intraocular pressure. The device was approved b...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.012
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyogenic granulomas are vasoproliferative, inflammatory lesions composed of granulation tissue, which occur on cutaneous or mucosal tissues, often arising secondary to other processes such as trauma or infection. Conjunctival pyogenic granulomas are not rare, but corneal involvement is very unusual and can occasionall...
journal_title:Survey of ophthalmology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0039-6257(84)90204-2
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00