Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Environmental factors appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus (LE). OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between cigarette smoking and various types of cutaneous LE. DESIGN:Retrospective descriptive study at a dermatology clinic of a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS:All patients diagnosed with cutaneous and/or systemic LE from January 2000 to December 2012 at the outpatient clinic for dermatological autoimmune diseases were analyzed. RESULTS:405 patients were diagnosed with LE. Smokers were more common among patients with cutaneous LE, especially those with LE tumidus or discoid LE. The frequency of cigarette smokers was not significantly higher among patients with other LE-specific skin lesions and patients with systemic LE compared to the general population. Smoking at the onset of disease was associated with LE tumidus (odds ratio OR 4.5), discoid LE (OR 2.05), the male gender (OR 3.31), age < 50 years (OR 1.03), and photosensitivity (OR 2.07). LIMITATIONS:A retrospective descriptive study at a tertiary referral hospital. CONCLUSION:Smoking is highly associated with cutaneous LE, but not systemic LE. Various risk factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous and systemic LE.
journal_name
Lupusjournal_title
Lupusauthors
Böckle BC,Sepp NTdoi
10.1177/0961203314559630subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
669-74issue
7eissn
0961-2033issn
1477-0962pii
0961203314559630journal_volume
24pub_type
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