Abstract:
:1. The receptive fields of 48 specific cold units, located in the hairy and glaborous skin of fore- and hindlimbs of rhesus monkeys, were mapped and scale drawings made. Forty-five percent had single spotlike receptive fields of 1-2 mm diameter or were up to 2 mm wide and 3-5 mm long, and formed straight, crescent, or right-angle shapes. The remaining 55% had two to five discrete spots or small areas innervated by a single fiber. Area or number of receptive fields per unit did not vary significantly along the limb axis. 2. Of the 48 specific cold units, 15 were held sufficiently long to record their dynamic responses to intensity-rate series of temperature changes from several adapting temperatures (ATs) between 20 and 45 degrees C. Six cold units showed a paradoxical increase in the steady-state response at the 45 degrees C compared to that at the 40 degrees C AT. Of the 15 cold units, 7 discharged in bursts at the 35 degrees C or lower ATs. The proportion of short intervals (intraburst intervals) increased as the adapting temperature decreased. 3. Both the latency and the temperature change at the onset of the dynamic response to cooling remained relatively constant for ATs up to and including 35 degrees C. The response latencies were approximately 200-400 ms, while the temperature changes at response onset were -0.02 to -0.06 degrees C. Both increased sharply at the 40 degrees C and still more at the 45 degrees C ATs. 4. The rate of increase in the frequency of the dynamic response to cooling by the fast rate increased to maximum at the 30 degrees C AT and then decreased at the higher ATs. For the slow rate the highest rate of increase in frequency occurred at the 20 degrees C AT. The fast rate of cooling always induced a faster rate of increase in frequency than slow rate of cooling. 5. Four indices of response magnitude were used in the analysis of the dynamic responses. These were peak frequency, cumulative impulses in the first 4 s following stimulus onset, average frequency during stimulations plus 3 s, and the total impulses during stimulation. The first three indices gave similar representations of the dynamic responses to the rate and intensity of cooling and the effect of the AT. The slow rate of cooling invariably yielded a smaller index of response magnitude than the fast rate. The difference became more pronounced as the intensity of cooling increased. The stimulus intensity-response magnitude functions were nonlinear. This nonlinearity was more pronounced at the low than at the high ATs. As the AT was increased, the response indices approached linearity at the 35 and 40 degrees C ATs. The greatest sensitivity of cold units to cooling was from the 35 degrees C AT. The fourth index, total impulses during stimulation minus steady state, gave a different picture. This index of response magnitude was linearly related to stimulus intensity for both rates of cooling from all adapting temperatures except for the slow rate of cooling from the 45 degrees C AT...
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Kenshalo DR,Duclaux Rdoi
10.1152/jn.1977.40.2.319subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-03-01 00:00:00pages
319-32issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We assessed synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor (AMPAR) properties during synaptogenesis to describe the development of individual glutamatergic synapses on rat hippocampal CA1 principal neurons. Pharmacologically isolated AMPAR-mediated glutamatergic synaptic currents [evoked by stimul...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00099.2010
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents were studied in large pyramidal neurons (Betz cells) from layer V of cat sensorimotor cortex by use of an in vitro brain slice and single microelectrode voltage clamp. The Ca(2+)-dependent outward current was taken as the difference current obtained before and after blockade of Ca2+ inf...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.1.216
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. High-threshold Ca2+ currents were studied in large pyramidal cells acutely dissociated from the rat amygdaloid complex. L-, N-, and P-type currents were present in about equal proportions in these cells and accounted for most of the whole-cell current. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.433
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have reported that the translational vestibuloocular reflex (TVOR) follows a three-dimensional (3D) kinematic behavior that is more similar to visually guided eye movements, like pursuit, rather than the rotational VOR (RVOR). Accordingly, TVOR rotation axes tilted with eye position toward an eye-fixe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01137.2002
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the initial central termination site for visceral afferents and is important for modulation and integration of multiple reflexes including cardiorespiratory reflexes. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the nTS and is removed from the extracellular milieu by e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01054.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the activation kinetics of the delayed rectifier K+ current of bullfrog sympathetic neurons, primarily using whole cell recording. On depolarization, currents activated with a sigmoid delay but did not show a Cole-Moore shift. The time course of activation differed systematically from an exponential raised...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2345
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We asked if the information about stimulus motion used in a visual working-memory task is localized in space. Monkeys compared the directions of two moving random-dot stimuli, sample and test, separated by a temporal delay and reported whether the stimuli moved in the same or in different directions. By presenting the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.2.912
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are coupled to G proteins, has important roles in certain forms of synaptic plasticity including corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD). In the present study, extracellular field potential and whole cell voltage-clamp recording techniques were used to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2405
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined which motor areas would participate in the coding of a simple opposition of the thumb triggered by auditory, somatosensory and visual signals. We tested which motor areas might be active in response to all three modalities, which motor structures would be activated specifically in response to each modality...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1701
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reward and punishment have opposite affective value but are both processed by the cingulate cortex. However, it is unclear whether the positive and negative affective values of monetary reward and punishment are processed by separate or common subregions of the cingulate cortex. We performed a functional magnetic reso...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90909.2008
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of individuals to adapt locomotion to constraints associated with the complex environments normally encountered in everyday life is paramount for survival. Here, we tested the ability of 24 healthy young adults to adapt to a rightward prism shift (∼11.3°) while either walking and stepping to targets (i.e.,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01040.2010
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most studies investigating neural representations of species-specific vocalizations in non-human primates and other species have involved studying neural responses to vocalization tokens. One limitation of such approaches is the difficulty in determining which acoustical features of vocalizations evoke neural response...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00818.2005
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) withdrawal syndrome (GWS) represents a particular model of focal epilepsy consecutive to the interruption of a chronic intracortical GABA infusion and is characterized by the appearance of focal epileptic electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges and localized clinical signs on withdra...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.715
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses of cat striate cortical cells to a drifting sinusoidal grating were modified by the superimposition of a second, perturbing grating (PG) that did not excite the cell when presented alone. One consequence of the presence of a PG was a shift in the tuning curves. The orientation tuning of all 41 cells exposed ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2703
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory inputs from muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents project to the spinal cord, where they are able to affect ongoing locomotor activity. Activation of sensory input can initiate or prolong bouts of locomotor activity depending on the identity of the sensory afferent activated and the timing of the activation w...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00866.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the European rock lobster, Homarus gammarus, two bilaterally symmetrical pairs of commissural neurons, P and commissural pyloric (CP), evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the neurons of the pyloric motor network. The present paper shows that the two commissural neurons also exert a modulatory control ove...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2490
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) shapes neocortical function during sensory perception, motor control, arousal, attention, learning, and memory. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which ACh affects neocortical pyramidal neurons in adult mice. Stimulation of cholinergic axons activated muscarinic and nicotinic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00716.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the region of the ventral respiratory group in brain stem slices from neonatal rats, intracellular pH (pHi) and membrane currents (I(m)) or potentials were measured in neurons dialyzed with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Currents and increases in membrane conductance (g(m)) dur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1844
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous reflexes evoked in the muscles of the arms with electrical stimulation of nerves of the foot ("interlimb reflexes") are observed during walking. These reflexes have been suggested to coordinate the actions of the legs and arms when walking is disturbed. Recently, we showed that cutaneous reflexes evoked in t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00746.2006
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles of the cat were investigated to determine whether recurrent inhibitory projections involving these motoneurons are similar--as would be consistent with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.395
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distractions affect postural control, but this mechanism is not well understood. Diversion of resources during cognitive stress may lead to decreased motor drive and postural muscle tone. This may appear as decreased postural stiffness and increased postural sway amplitude. We hypothesized that dual tasking leads to d...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00820.2009
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral and neural findings demonstrate that animals can locate low-frequency sounds along the azimuth by detecting microsecond interaural time differences (ITDs). Information about ITDs is also available in the amplitude modulations (i.e., envelope) of high-frequency sounds. Since medial superior olivary (MSO) neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00044.2013
更新日期:2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ipsilaterally projecting spinal excitatory interneurons (EINs) generate the hemisegmental rhythmic locomotor activity in lamprey, while the commissural interneurons ensure proper left-right alternation. 5-HT is a potent modulator of the locomotor rhythm and is endogenously released from the spinal cord during fictive ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00309.2006
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes the rhythmic movements of the radula and buccal mass during feeding. Many of the cellular and synaptic elements of this CPG have been identified and characterized. However, the roles that specific cellular and synaptic properties pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2307
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated object representation in area TE, the anterior part of monkey inferotemporal (IT) cortex, with a combination of optical and extracellular recordings in anesthetized monkeys. We found neurons that respond to visual stimuli composed of naturally distinguishable parts. These neurons were sensitive to a pa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01224.2005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of eye position on visual and pursuit-related activity in neurons in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. Altogether, 109 neurons from the middle temporal area (area MT) and the medial superior temporal area (area MST) were tested for influence of eye position on their stimulus-dri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.944
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primate posterior thalamus has been proposed to contribute to pain sensation, but its precise role is unclear. This is in part because spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons that project to the posterior thalamus have received little attention. In this study, antidromic mapping was used to identify individual STT neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90810.2008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) plays an important role in the control of several autonomic reflex functions and has glutamate and GABA as main neurotransmitters. In this work, we used patch-clamp recordings in transverse slice preparations from rats to study whether the glycine binding site of the N-methy...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00927.2004
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of muscarinic receptors and GABA(B) receptors causes presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic potentials at excitatory feedback connections in cortical structures. These effects may regulate dynamics in cortical structures, with presynaptic inhibition allowing extrinsic afferent input to dominate du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1792
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00