Abstract：
:The kinetics of 14C-metformin have been studied in five healthy subjects after oral and intravenous administration. The intravenous dose was distributed to a small central compartment of 9.9 +/- 1.61 (X +/- SE), from which its elimination could be described using three-compartment open model. The elimination half-life from plasma was 1.7 +/- 0.1 h. Urinary excretion data revealed a quantitatively minor terminal elimination phase with a half-life of 8.9 +/- 0.7 h. After the intravenous dose, metformin was completely excreted unchanged in urine with a renal clearance of 454 +/- 47 ml/min. Metformin was not bound to plasma proteins. The concentration of metformin in saliva was considerably lower than in plasma and declined more slowly. The bioavailability of metformin tablets averaged 50--60%. The rate of absorption was slower than that of elimination, which resulted in a plasma concentration profile of "flip-flop" type for oral metformin.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Pentikäinen PJ,Neuvonen PJ,Penttilä Adoi
10.1007/BF00562061subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-09-01 00:00:00pages
195-202issue
3eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Dexmedetomidine is a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist that may provide beneficial effects as premedication for anesthesia. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal (TD) and intravenous (i.v.) dexmedetomidine were studied in nine healthy male subjects in a crossover trial. The TD preparation, containi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00194403
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three groups of patients with biliary tract disease treated by cholecystectomy were given ceftriaxone. In Group 1 single doses of 150 mg and 1500 mg were given on Days 1 and 5 after cholecystectomy. In Group 2 2 g was given daily for 6 days and the cholecystectomy was on Day 2. Patients in Group 3 received 2 g every 1...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00607958
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood ciclosporin (Cs) metabolite pattern in 58 liver grafted patients was routinely monitored by HPLC from the first Cs dose after transplantation until discharge from hospital. Eighteen patients with normal kidney function were allocated to Group I and 14 patients in Group II suffered Cs nephrotoxicity during their ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00314953
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many studies have indicated the adequate use of lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) as a factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, in clinical practice, a very high percentage of patients are not adequately treated. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the management of hypercholesterolemia in a non-experimen...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0911-z
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of an intervention on general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, including the prescribing of anti-asthmatic drugs, and asthmatic patients' knowledge about their disease. METHODS:The study took place in the south-west region of Stockholm County. I...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050361
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycerol 50 g infused i.v. over 2 to 6 h is widely used to treat cerebral oedema in patients with acute stroke. Its transit through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in subjects with uninflamed meninges has now been examined. In 7 patients with an external ventriculostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus, each of whom ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00278481
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 polymorphisms on donepezil disposition and clinical outcome. METHODS:Fifty-four Italian patients diagnosed with probable mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, treated with donepezil (37 patients 5 mg/day, 17 patients 10 mg/day) were g...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0883-5
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated the role of genetic, physiological, environmental, and epigenetic factors in regulating CYP2A6 expression and nicotine metabolism. METHODS:Human livers (n = 67) were genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles and assessed for nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 expression (mRNA and protein). In addition, a subset...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-009-0762-0
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a model of mental stress the influence of nifedipine and hydrochlorothiazide on stress-induced changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines was studied in normal persons. The drugs were used to investigate whether substances with antihypertensive but no particular sympatholytic properties were c...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544008
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of laboratory screening in Phase I is to exclude subjects with subclinical illness, who might be at increased risk in the study, and who might also adversely influence interpretation of the results. A new method for laboratory screening, based on Bayesian probability theory, is proposed, which consists of: 1. ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00280939
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:NXY-059 is a nitrone-based, free-radical trapping agent being developed for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Elimination of NXY-059 is primarily renal. The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of NXY-059 in subjects with renal impairment. METHODS:Twenty-four subjects with a ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-002-0478-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study compares the in vivo relative lung bioavailability of Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) Seretide delivered via unprimed and unwashed Aerochamber Plus (AP) or Volumatic (VM) spacers, a integrated breath-actuated vortex Synchro-Breathe (SB) device and an Evohaler pMDI (EH) device using adrenal suppression and ea...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0989-9
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The confidence interval approach to bioavailability assessment depends first on selection of the confidence level, usually 95%, and then determination of the confidence limits for the expected bioavailability ratio AUC(Test)/AUC(Reference). In practice, however, it is sometimes of greater interest to know the probabil...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00635713
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In patients with schizophrenia, risperidone and olanzapine are the two most commonly used atypical anti-psychotics. A recent meta-analysis based on randomized trials suggests that, in the long term, olanzapine can have a lower frequency of treatment discontinuation (or dropout) in comparison with risperidone....
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0705-0
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioavailability of a new controlled release formulation of indomethacin lysine salt in tablets was tested in 6 healthy humans against a conventional indomethacin lysinate formulation in capsules. Both contained 100 mg of the drug, i.e. 70 mg indomethacin. Peak plasma levels were lower and more lasting and the AUC ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609963
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Few data on the efficacy and safety of drugs in children are available as in the past, these children were not included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data on the efficacy and safety of drugs in children are extrapolated from adults. The EMA recognizes the need for long-term safety studies on various d...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-010-0930-2
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of concomitant administration of roxithromycin on the plasma pharmacokinetics of lovastatin. METHODS:In an open, randomized, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers received 80 mg lovastatin orally either alone or concomitantly with 300 mg roxithromycin after 5-day pretreatment wi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-001-0385-6
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the main comedications associated with major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy with coumarins in a non-selected population under everyday circumstances. METHODS:The study population for this retrospective cohort study included all new users of phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol aged 40-80 years, dur...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0947-0
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of propafenone and 5-OH-propafenone and their relationship with the antiarrhythmic action and side effects have been studied in 10 patients with stable, frequent, premature ventricular beats (224-928 premature ventricular complexes/h). Observations were made after a single dose of propafenone 300 ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00614557
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Gentamicin population pharmacokinetics in newborns were studied with special reference to possible gender effects. METHODS:Steady-state serum levels ( n=139) were obtained from 79 neonates with a mean birth weight of 2.1 kg, mean gestational age of 35.1 weeks and mean age at the time of sampling of 4.2 days....
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0663-6
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Intragastric pH-metry is widely used to evaluate the efficacy of antisecretory drugs, but statistical interpretation of the measurements has not yet been standardised. METHODS:The effects of single morning (N = 9) or evening (N = 7) doses of the H2-receptor antagonist famotidine, 20 mg (QUAMATELR. Gedeon Ric...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050139
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Troglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), which has been shown to improve the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes. Troglitazone undergoes hepatic metabolism to an inactive sulphate conjugate and an oxidative quinone metabolite with minor activity. The ob...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050514
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression has association with tumor malignancy. In thyroid cancers, FGFR4 has been reported to be characteristically expressed in aggressive thyroid tumors, such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). METHODS:We investigated FGFR4 expression in patients with ATC an...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-02842-y
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred consecutive digitalis serum level determination requests and results were analyzed to evaluate the rational of ordering the test and utilizing the results at his hospital. Sixty-six percent of the reasons given for ordering the test were categorized as "acceptable". As many as 25% of physicians requesting ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00561740
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The study aimed to identify and describe adverse drug reactions and adherence to clinical guidelines in patients receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Cameroon. METHODS:The method used was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary diabetes care service in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Adult T2DM patients at...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-02949-2
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To comparatively assess the prevalence rates of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) obtained by the former and latest versions of American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria (AGS BC) and screening tool of older person's potentially inappropriate prescriptions (STOPP), and analyze the factors of influenc...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-019-02722-0
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The disposition of paracetamol following an oral dose of 1.0 g was compared in 10 healthy volunteers, 7 patients with moderate chronic renal failure and 6 patients with end stage renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis. Paracetamol absorption was normal in the patients with renal failure. The mean plasma half-life ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558162
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seventeen patients underwent tonsillectomy 55-120 min after receiving oral phenoxymethylpenicillin 12.5 mg/kg bodyweight. The penicillin concentration in serum and tonsillar tissue in each patient was determined by a microbial assay. In 9 patients with tonsillar hyperplasia, but with no prior history of tonsillitis, t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315423
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop quality prescribing indicators for general practitioners (GPs) who are non-monitored and not included in pay-for-performance programs, and to determine compliance with incentivized and non-incentivized indicators. STUDY DESIGN:Descriptive cross sectional study. SETTING:Aljarafe Primary Health Car...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1542-4
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tramadol hydrochloride in neonates, born from mothers who underwent analgesia with tramadol for the relief of labour pain. METHODS:Intramuscular tramadol (100--250 mg) was administered to 22 mothers giving birth who requested pain...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0955-0
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
