Abstract：
:The confidence interval approach to bioavailability assessment depends first on selection of the confidence level, usually 95%, and then determination of the confidence limits for the expected bioavailability ratio AUC(Test)/AUC(Reference). In practice, however, it is sometimes of greater interest to know the probability that the expected bioavailability will fall below a critical value, for example 0.75, or within a clinically set bioequivalence range, for example 0.80 to 1.25. Up to now, posterior probability distributions have been suggested, based on classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) with its rather restrictive assumptions, including that of a (logarithmic) normal distribution. In this report, a distribution-free confidence interval based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank statistic has been generalized so that confidence probabilities can be obtained for any given confidence limits. In the case of unimodal and almost symmetrical sampling distributions, the results obtained are very similar to those of the ANOVA-based posterior probability distribution. However, skewed or multimodal sampling distributions are better reflected by the proposed distribution-free method, and more valid information is obtained in these cases, as demonstrated by examples.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Steinijans VW,Diletti Edoi
10.1007/BF00635713subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
85-8issue
1eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The plasma levels and myocardial content of verapamil and its metabolites norverapamil, N-dealkylverapamil and N-dealkylnorverapamil were determined in 15 patients with valvular [3] or ischaemic [12] heart disease. The mean myocardial plasma concentration ratio (M/P) was 7.05 for verapamil, 11.45 for norverapamil, 8.9...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00607910
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied 16 healthy men to evaluate preliminary pharmacodynamics and kinetics of BW443C given by i.v. infusions. Four volunteers received escalating doses at weekly intervals, starting at 0.1 microgram.kg-1 for 60 min and increasing to a maximum of 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 180 min. Subsequently 12 differen...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01061420
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of an intervention on general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, including the prescribing of anti-asthmatic drugs, and asthmatic patients' knowledge about their disease. METHODS:The study took place in the south-west region of Stockholm County. I...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050361
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this investigation was to determine whether mefenamic acid and salicylic acid inhibit the sulfation of (-)-salbutamol and minoxidil in the human liver and duodenum, and if so, to ascertain whether the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) estimates are different in the two tissues. METHODS:Sulfotran...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280000168
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual variation in the half-life of caffeine in the body was measured by HPLC analysis of saliva samples. The mean for adult males and non-pregnant females was 3.4 h (range 2-5 h, n = 25), and 8.3 h (range 3-16 h, n = 57) for pregnant women. After delivery, in most cases the values returned to normal within one m...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00637512
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of midazolam has been studied in patients recovering from cardiac surgery, who required sedation for postoperative mechanical ventilation. Twelve males (mean age 64.5 years) with severe heart disease received an infusion of midazolam 15 mg.h-1 for 4 h, starting 1 to 3 h post surgery. Multiple bloo...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00558225
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the duration of the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropiridine calcium antagonist felodipine in conventional (C-F) and slow-release (ER-F) formulations, 12 patients with essential hypertension underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at the end of a 2-week treatment period with C-F 5 mg b.d....
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00562543
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibitory action of azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on the respiratory burst in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been studied. Azeptin in vitro suppressed chemiluminescence and superoxide (O2-) generation by human PMN in a dose- and time-dependent manne...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00194963
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interaction between isofezolac and probenecid has been studied with the aid of a specific HPLC assay for isofezolac in plasma and urine. 8 healthy adult volunteers received a single 40 mg oral dose of isofezolac before and after 3 days of loading with 0.5 probenecid t.i.d. There was an increase in the maximum plas...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00544363
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Opicapone is a novel third generation catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to compare the levodopa pharmacokinetic profile throughout a day driven by the COMT inhibition either following repeated doses of opicapone or concomitant administration with enta...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-014-1701-2
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies with 3H-etilefrine were performed to assess the importance of a first-pass effect on the pharmacodynamic action of this sympathomimetic amine. Identical amounts of 3H-activity, ca. 80% of the dose, were excreted in the urine after intravenous or oral administration, which indicate...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00614015
更新日期：1975-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of high doses of clonidine, as used in the prophylactic treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in 11 alcohol-dependent patients undergoing surgery for oesophagogastrectomy. Clonidine was given in a bolus of 150 micrograms followed by a continuous infusion. After a mean period ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315500
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the effect of a small economic inducement on the rate of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the attitudes of general practitioners and physicians towards reporting of ADRs. METHOD:One intervention and one control county were selected for the study. Written information about th...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0072-0
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enprofylline 1 mg/kg, a new potent antiasthmatic xanthine derivative, which is mainly eliminated by renal excretion, was given intravenously to 6 normal subjects with and without oral pretreatment with 1 g probenecid. The latter caused a drop in the average total body clearance of enprofylline from 21 to 9.8 l/h, and ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00614308
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anti-ischaemic properties of nimodipine 30 mg and 60 mg t.i.d. for 4 days has been tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study based on the use of hyperventilation to reduce flow velocity in cerebral arteries. Whether the anti-ischaemic properties were due to a vasodilatator action on cerebral b...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315133
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guidelines presented previously for the analysis of plasma concentration versus time data for a drug exhibiting concentration-dependent plasma protein binding were successfully applied to the distributional parameters of a new cephalosporin, ceftriaxone. This approach provided several striking observations when the ph...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01037956
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined dosage prescribing patterns and steady-state oxipurinol plasma concentrations in 66 patients receiving chronic allopurinol therapy. Most patients (65%) were taking 300 mg allopurinol daily, although renal impairment was common. Using published guidelines, it was estimated that 35% of patients were ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315424
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:People with dementia may have indications for aspirin prescription and clinicians are asked to balance the potential risks against benefits. This review examines the evidence for the risk and benefit of long-term aspirin use in people with dementia aged over 65 years, including randomised controlled trials and ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-021-03089-x
更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of cimetidine in general practice was studied in relation to the guidelines approved by the Dutch National Drug Regulatory Agency (DRA). National and regional figures showed that the frequency with which cimetidine was prescribed in general practice was greater than could be explained on the basis of approved ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542346
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infusion of a therapeutic dose of sparteine sulphate, increased the basal plasma insulin level and lowered plasma glucose. When an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed with the infusion, the total insulin AUC was significantly larger than in absence of sparteine (2025 vs 1464 microU/ml X min), plasma gluco...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00637673
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ) on aminothiol levels, including homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine, and cysteinylglycine, in chronically treated patients. METHODS:Epileptic patients receiving CBZ or OXCBZ were recruited as part of routine clinica...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-007-0388-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dose-response relationship of the new bronchodilator Clenbuterol (NAB 365, Boehringer Ingelheim) was tested in 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Clenbuterol is a beta-2-sympathicomimetic, from a series of substituted phenylethanolamines, and it is characterised by good absorption and prolonged act...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00563099
更新日期：1979-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Oncological patients are at increasing risk of QT prolongation, a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia. We assessed impact and risk factors for corrected QT (QTc) prolongation during multiple-cycle chemotherapy. METHODS:We enrolled 100 outpatients initiating chemotherapy in a university center specializing i...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-015-1874-3
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentrations of thiamin and thiamin monophosphate and diphosphate in plasma and whole blood samples were assessed in six healthy subjects for 12 h and in urine for 24 h following an IV and PO bolus dose of 50 mg thiamin HCl. Unphosphorylated thiamin increased rapidly in plasma after IV administration and then de...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315284
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Although CYP3A4/5 enzymes play the predominant role in the metabolism of simvastatin and lovastatin, polymorphisms in CYP2D6 were reported to be associated with the cholesterol-lowering effect and/or tolerability of simvastatin. This study was performed to examine whether common CYP2D6 polymorphisms affect the ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-011-1202-5
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:CYP2D6 polymorphism of drug metabolism represents an important source of interindividual and interethnic variation in drug response. Since this polymorphism has not been studied in an Iranian population, the present study was undertaken. METHODS:Two hundred healthy unrelated Iranian subjects participated in ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0859-4
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total beta-adrenoceptor density and beta 1- and beta 2-subtype distribution in right and left atria and in different ventricular regions from 14 failing and seven nonfailing human hearts have been compared. End-stage heart failure was due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 8) or ischaemic cardiomyopathy (n = 6)...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00265923
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Losartan was given to subjects with known phenotypes of the polymorphic enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 to study any possible influence on the metabolism of the drug. METHODS:Plasma concentrations of losartan and E-3174 were studied after oral intake of 50 mg losartan in 24 healthy, male, Swedish Caucasian subjec...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050629
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bay m 1099 is a newly developed inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glucosidase. Its ability to lower postprandial plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels in Type II diabetics has been investigated. Fifteen obese Type II diabetic patients with inadequate metabolic control during sulphonylurea treatment received a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00607953
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fexofenadine is the active metabolite of the non-sedating anti-histamine terfenadine. Pre-licensing clinical trials in over 6000 patients suggested it was effective and well tolerated. OBJECTIVE:To assess the tolerability and safety of fexofenadine immediately after its availability on the UK market in Marc...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100292
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
