Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Older age and female gender are known factors in the development of persisting post-concussion symptoms (PCS) after mild head injury (MHI), i.e. at 3+ months. Very few studies have examined longer-term symptoms. A recent review, however, established the importance of these variables in permanent PCS (18+ months). The current study repeats the review for prolonged symptoms (12-18 months). METHODS:Systematic electronic database searches were conducted to identify all studies with data on (i) correlations between age/gender and prolonged outcome and (ii) mean ages/gender mixes of (a) prolonged samples selected for poor symptomatic outcome, (b) prolonged samples not selected for poor outcome and (c) epidemiological studies of MHI patients presenting to hospital. RESULTS:Correlation studies showed poorer outcome to be associated with both older age (2/5 studies) and female gender (5/6 studies). Those with poor prolonged outcome had a significantly higher mean age (35.9) than MHI patients in general (29.9). The proportion of men in these samples (48.6%) was significantly lower than MHI patients in general (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS:Older age and female gender are vulnerability factors in the development of prolonged PCS. The main clinical implications are for how early intervention and reassurance are best provided.
journal_name
Brain Injjournal_title
Brain injuryauthors
King NSdoi
10.3109/02699052.2014.954271subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
1639-45issue
13-14eissn
0269-9052issn
1362-301Xjournal_volume
28pub_type
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