STRengthening analytical thinking for observational studies: the STRATOS initiative.

abstract：:Subjects in randomized controlled trials do not always comply to the treatment condition they have been assigned to. This may cause the estimated effect of the intervention to be biased and also affect efficiency, coverage of confidence intervals, and statistical power. In cluster randomized trials non-compliance may ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Moerbeek M,Schie SV

更新日期：2019-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-linear mixed-effects models (NLMEMs) are used to improve information gathering from longitudinal studies and are applied to treatment evaluation in disease-evolution studies, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The estimation of parameters and the statistical tests are critical issues in NLMEMs s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Samson A,Lavielle M,Mentré F

更新日期：2007-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In the recent two decades, data mining methods for signal detection have been developed for drug safety surveillance, using large post-market safety data. Several of these methods assume that the number of reports for each drug-adverse event combination is a Poisson random variable with mean proportional to the unknow...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Hu N,Huang L,Tiwari RC

更新日期：2015-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Matched-pair designs have been commonly employed in diagnostic, epidemiologic and laboratory studies. For estimation of a ratio of two marginal probabilities in matched-pair data, a Wald-type logarithmic method is computationally simple, but an actual coverage rate is known to be smaller than a nominal one and a lengt...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Nam JM

更新日期：2009-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuous-time multistate survival models can be used to describe health-related processes over time. In the presence of interval-censored times for transitions between the living states, the likelihood is constructed using transition probabilities. Models can be specified using parametric or semiparametric shapes fo...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Machado RJM,van den Hout A

更新日期：2018-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors measure the efficacy of three methods for predicting the time to infection for susceptible individuals in a population undergoing an HIV epidemic. The methods differ in whether they require detailed information of the contact network and whether they require knowledge of the initial source of infection. Ef...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Altmann M,Wee BC,Willard K,Peterson D,Gatewood LC

更新日期：1994-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although population-based molecular association studies are becoming increasingly popular, methodology for the meta-analysis of these studies has been neglected, particularly with regard to two issues: testing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and pooling results in a manner that reflects a biological model of gene ef...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Thakkinstian A,McElduff P,D'Este C,Duffy D,Attia J

更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a longitudinal study of workers in seven Norwegian aluminium plants, the time to development of asthmatic symptoms could only be determined to lie in the interval between two consecutive health examinations. In a previous paper we analysed the data by survival techniques for interval censored data. In the present p...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Samuelsen SO,Kongerud J

更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we proposed a mechanistic breast cancer survival model based on the axillary lymph node chain structure, considering lymph nodes as a potential dissemination arrangement. We assume a naive breast cancer treatment protocol consisting of exposing patients first to a chemotherapy treatment on r intervals a...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Cobre J,Castro Perdoná GS,Peria FM,Louzada F

更新日期：2013-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for national statistical offices to maintain the trust of the public to collect data and publish statistics of importance to society and decision-making, it is imperative that respondents (persons or establishments) be guaranteed privacy and confidentiality in return for providing requested confidential data....

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Gonzalez JF Jr,Cox LH

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The publication of Fisher's correspondence on statistics has shed new light on his views on randomization. Quotations from this correspondence and from other works of Fisher are used to illustrate the role of randomization in clinical trials. It is concluded that Fisher's views not only are coherent but, despite havin...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Senn S

更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Motivated by a study for soft tissue sarcoma, this article considers the analysis of diseases recurrence and survival. A multivariate frailty hazard model is established for joint modeling of three correlated time-to-event outcomes: local disease recurrence, distant disease recurrence (metastasis), and death. The goal...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Wen S,Huang X,Frankowski RF,Cormier JN,Pisters P

更新日期：2016-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an increasingly common method of assisted reproductive technology. Because of the careful observation and follow-up required as part of the procedure, IVF studies provide an ideal opportunity to identify and assess clinical and demographic factors along with environmental exposures that...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Maity A,Williams PL,Ryan L,Missmer SA,Coull BA,Hauser R

更新日期：2014-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Hierarchical regression analysis holds much promise for epidemiologic analysis, but has as yet seen limited application because of lack of easily used software and the relatively lengthy run times of preferred fitting methods (such as true maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches). This paper compares three relative...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Greenland S

更新日期：1997-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical analyses of lifetime data treat the time to death or failure as the response variable and use a variety of modelling strategies such as proportional hazards or fully parametric, to investigate the relationship between the response and covariates. In certain circumstances it may be more natural to view the dist...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ghahramani M,Dean CB,Spinelli JJ

更新日期：2001-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inference for randomized clinical trials is generally based on the assumption that outcomes are independently and identically distributed under the null hypothesis. In some trials, particularly in infectious disease, outcomes may be correlated. This may be known in advance (e.g. allowing randomization of family member...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Proschan M,Follmann D

更新日期：2008-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Binary classification rules based on covariates typically depend on simple loss functions such as zero-one misclassification. Some cases may require more complex loss functions. For example, individual-level monitoring of HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy requires periodic assessment of treatment fail...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Xu Y,Liu T,Daniels MJ,Kantor R,Mwangi A,Hogan JW

更新日期：2019-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:There are inconsistencies between the formulas for the variance of standardized mean difference (SMD) in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the variance reported in other sources. Instead of the variance appropriate for the SMD of a crossover experiment, the Cochrane Handbook uses the variance appropriat...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kitchenham B,Madeyski L

更新日期：2020-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we discuss family-based association test (FBATs) relating genetic data to survival and time-to-onset data. We show how the standard logrank and Wilcoxon statistics can be used with family data to develop tests of association. We prove that the FBAT-logrank approach can be identical to the proportional h...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lange C,Blacker D,Laird NM

更新日期：2004-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of testing symmetry about zero has a long and rich history in the statistical literature. We introduce a new test that sequentially discards observations whose absolute value is below increasing thresholds defined by the data. McNemar's statistic is obtained at each threshold and the largest is used as the...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Laska E,Meisner M,Wanderling J

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of drugs and biologicals whose mechanisms of action may extend beyond their target indications has led to a need to identify unexpected potential toxicities promptly even while blinded clinical trials are under way. One component of recently issued FDA rules regarding safety reporting requirements rais...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Gould AL,Wang WB

更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Meta-analyses pooling continuous outcomes can use mean differences (MD), standardized MD (MD in pooled standard deviation units, SMD), or ratio of arithmetic means (RoM). Recently, ratio of geometric means using ad hoc (RoGM (ad hoc) ) or Taylor series (RoGM (Taylor) ) methods for estimating variances have been propos...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Friedrich JO,Adhikari NK,Beyene J

更新日期：2012-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To summarize safety data such as clinical adverse experiences in clinical trials with a moderate to long-term follow-up, we may use a measurement which accounts for the potential differences in the follow-up duration between treatment groups. The incidence rate, which uses the total person-time follow-up in a treatmen...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Liu GF,Wang J,Liu K,Snavely DB

更新日期：2006-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Interval-censored data are commonly found in studies of diseases that progress without symptoms, which require clinical evaluation for detection. Several techniques have been suggested with independent assumption. However, the assumption will not be valid if observations come from clusters. Furthermore, when the clust...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Kim YJ

更新日期：2010-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple imputation is becoming increasingly popular for handling missing data, with Markov chain Monte Carlo assuming multivariate normality (MVN) a commonly used approach. Imputing categorical variables (which are clearly non-normal) using MVN imputation is challenging, and several approaches have been sug...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Lee KJ,Galati JC,Simpson JA,Carlin JB

更新日期：2012-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:One may encounter the application of the two independent samples t-test to ordinal scaled data (for example, data that assume only the values 0, 1, 2, 3) from small samples. This situation clearly violates the underlying normality assumption for the t-test and one cannot appeal to large sample theory for validity. In ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Heeren T,D'Agostino R

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is often assumed that randomisation will prevent bias in estimation of treatment effects from clinical trials, but this is not true of the semiparametric Proportional Hazards model for survival data when there is underlying risk heterogeneity. Here, a new formula is proposed for estimation of this bias, improving o...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： McNamee R

更新日期：2017-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Missing data arise in crossover trials, as they do in any form of clinical trial. Several papers have addressed the problems that missing data create, although almost all of these assume that the probability that a planned observation is missing does not depend on the value that would have been observed; that is, the ...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Ho WK,Matthews JN,Henderson R,Farewell D,Rodgers LR

更新日期：2012-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In a typical bioequivalence trial, summary measures of the plasma concentration versus time profile are used to compare two formulations of a drug product. Commonly used measures include area under the curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and time to maximum concentration (T(max)). Equivalence of these s...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Mauger DT,Chinchilli VM

更新日期：2000-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cochran-Armitage trend test has been used in case-control studies for testing genetic association. As the variance of the test statistic is a function of unknown parameters, e.g. disease prevalence and allele frequency, it must be estimated. The usual estimator combining data for cases and controls assumes they fo...

journal_title：Statistics in medicine

authors： Zheng G,Gastwirth JL

更新日期：2006-09-30 00:00:00