Abstract:
:Theophylline disposition after an intravenous test dose of aminophylline was determined in 83 subjects: 7 patients with and 58 without congestive heart failure (CHF), and 18 healthy controls. Based on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the individual, the oral dosage of aminophylline was scheduled to attain steady-state trough theophylline concentrations (Cpred) near the therapeutic margin. Significant differences in theophylline clearance with a relatively constant volume of distribution were observed between various groups divided by age, smoking habit and CHF; the significantly different (p less than 0.001) mean clearance values were: 0.042 +/- 0.016 l/h/kg (mean +/- SD) in patients without CHF (n = 58) as opposed to 0.016 +/- 0.001 l/h/kg in patients with CHF (n = 7), 0.038 +/- 0.013 l/h/kg in non-smokers (n = 59) versus 0.054 +/- 0.015 l/h/kg in smoking subjects (n = 17), and 0.030 +/- 0.010 l/h/kg in elderly (greater than 60 years) non-smoking patients (n = 7) versus 0.057 +/- 0.017 l/h/kg in smoking patients (n = 5) aged 40 to 59 years. No gender-related difference was detected in theophylline disposition. For all subjects together (n = 83), there was no significant correlation between age and clearance (r = -0.111, p greater than 0.1). The multivariate analysis indicated that the overall variability in theophylline clearance was affected first by the smoking habit (t = 4.960; p less than 0.001) and second by CHF (t = -3.052; p less than 0.001), but not by age (t = 1.140) or by sex (t = 0.069). 78% of the patients who did not have CHF required a daily dose of aminophylline of 600 to 900 mg, whereas a dose of 300 to 450 mg was the rule in patients with CHF. The measured steady-state minimum concentration (Cmeas) ranged from 5.4 to 14.6 micrograms/ml (9.0 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml: mean +/- SD) which was in good agreement with the Cpred (5.6 to 13.6, 9.0 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml) in all patients (n = 60) who received the oral dose of aminophylline calculated from the test dose. The overall prediction error was -0.08 +/- 1.83 micrograms/ml (-1.42 +/- 19.90%); only 3 of 60 measurements were found to be outside +/- 2 SD. It is concluded that using a test dose to individualize aminophylline therapy is likely to remain the most reliable means to assure the maximum therapeutic benefit in patients with airway obstruction.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Horai Y,Ishizaki T,Sasaki T,Watanabe M,Kabe Jdoi
10.1007/BF00545964subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
111-21issue
2eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Caffeine-containing beverages are generally consumed by Nigerians suffering from malaria and kwashiorkor in the belief that caffeine aids early recovery from these illnesses, which are common in the tropics. However, there are no studies on the influence of these diseases on the absorption and pharmacokineti...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050734
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The goal of this study was to analyze persistence and the treatment-free interval in patients being prescribed biological drugs in rheumatology practices in Germany. METHODS:Patients who received a first prescription of biological drugs between 2008 and 2016 in 21 rheumatologists in Germany were included in this ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-019-02627-y
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In order to document the stereoselective distribution in joints of a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the relative affinities of the enantiomers of tiaprofenic acid in synovium and for cartilage were compared. METHODS:The distribution of tiaprofenic acid in synovium and in cartilage was studied 25...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050109
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacodynamic effects of FCE20700, a new PGE2 derivative, have been investigated in 6 healthy volunteers given single intragastric (i.g.) and intraduodenal (i.d.) doses of 1 and 2 mg and placebo, according to a double-blind, within-subjects design. For 30-270 min following i.g. administration the effect of FCE20...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00606626
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The study aimed to describe the dispensing of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs (z-hypnotics) to pregnant women and to study the characteristics of these women and the extent of co-medication. METHODS:A population-based cohort study was conducted based on the linkage of nationwide registries: th...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-014-1744-4
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In the past few years, several fracture-related events have been reported with chronic use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) throughout the globe. Hence, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was necessary to ascertain the risk involved. The present work evaluated the association of SS...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02893-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that inhaled salbutamol further increases the bronchodilator response after the maximum effect of theophylline has been obtained in patients with severe chronic bronchitis. We now report the results of adding maximally effective doses of theophylline to the maximum response obtainable from sal...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00542540
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated doses of a 1,5 benzodiazepine, clobazam, were administered to a group of consenting volunteers. Performance on a psychomotor performance task was not impaired by repeated doses of the drug. Subjective assessments of anxiety were reduced commensurate with an increase in the level of cortical integration, measu...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00644961
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe and compare the distribution of prescribed drugs in diabetic patients between 1992 and 1995. METHODS:Two cross-sectional surveys of a random selection of medical records of diabetic patients, from three community health centres (CHCs) in the Stockholm metropolitan area, were carried out. The age ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002280050285
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of melatonin during the day-time has been studied in 4 healthy subjects after a bolus i.v. injection of 5 or 10 micrograms/person and after a 5 h infusion of 20 micrograms per person in 6 healthy subjects. In addition, a pinealomectomized patient whose nocturnal plasma melatonin had been abolished...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00315035
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antihypertensive effects of urapidil and clonidine have been studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 11 hypertensive outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension, at rest and during isometric exercise. Urapidil 30 mg b.i.d. significantly decreased the standing diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05) an...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00635705
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aims of the study were to assess the correlation between the plasma concentration of ophthalmic timolol and cardiovascular parameters, and the influence of timolol on advanced haemodynamic variables, such as stroke (SI), cardiac (CI) and systemic vascular resistance (SVRI) indices and arterial pulse wave...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-005-0945-2
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 3rd paragraph and 2nd line of the Conclusion section the correct sentence should be: It is now important to encourage policy and decision makers to facilitate and accommodate future linkage of data. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s00228-017-2358-4
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess whether dinnertime administration of a once daily dose of famotidine is more advantageous than a bedtime dose in suppressing evening and nocturnal gastric acidity, we gave nine patients with a past history of duodenal ulcer in double-blind, randomized fashion either (1) placebo at 6 p.m. and 10 p.m....
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00609254
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma concentrations of nitrazepam were measured by gas-liquid chromatography in: young healthy volunteers, in geriatric and psychiatric patients and in epileptic children. The disposition of nitrazepam was described in terms of a two-compartment open model. After a single oral dose of nitrazepam 5 mg the most promin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00563100
更新日期:1979-04-17 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Our objectives were to assess the detection and incidence of drug-induced agranulocytosis in two university hospitals using hematology laboratory data. METHODS:A prospective study was undertaken at Toulouse University Hospital (France) and Navarra University Hospital (Spain) for 1 year (from 1 May 2004 to 30 Apri...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0242-8
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the effects of raised intragastric pH on the absorption of theophylline from a sustained-release formulation. Six healthy male volunteers participated in the cross-over randomised study and on one of two occasions were pretreated with 240 mg omeprazole, administered in thr...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF01740660
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the impact of gemfibrozil co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin in healthy Indian male volunteers. METHODS:A randomized open label two-period crossover study involving 12 healthy Indian male volunteers was conducted at a single center. In each phase, the volunteers were administered...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1177-2
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the partial agonist activity of cicloprolol in man, four studies were carried out in normal male volunteers. I and II. Open dose escalating studies of the effects of oral doses of the drug on exercise tachycardia and sleeping heart rate. III and IV. Double-blind randomized studies of the effects of placebo, ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00615219
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postural and isometric handgrip tests were performed on nine patients with panic disorder and 13 patients with major depression before and after treatment with imipramine for a mean duration of 10 weeks. There were significant increases in resting supine heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures (S...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00265972
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory action of azelastine hydrochloride (Azeptin) on the respiratory burst in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) has been studied. Azeptin in vitro suppressed chemiluminescence and superoxide (O2-) generation by human PMN in a dose- and time-dependent manne...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00194963
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to quantify the behavioural determinants of health professional reporting of medication errors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to explore any differences between respondents. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey of patient-facing doctors, nurses and pharmacists within three major ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2124-z
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To describe and evaluate spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions (ARs) associated with herbal laxatives received by the Italian Medicines Agency and the Italian National Institute of Health between April 2002 and January 2011. METHODS:Spontaneous reports of suspected ARs were individually analyzed by a ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1128-y
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors influencing the disposition of clotiazepam in man were evaluated in a series of pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers given a single 5 mg dose. Old age caused an increased volume of distribution of clotiazepam in women, and its clearance tended to be reduced in elderly men. Use of oral contraceptives, ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00546709
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In this study, the risk factors associated with sodium overcorrection were investigated with an optimal cutoff for baseline serum sodium for use in daily clinical practice. METHODS:Electronic medical records of patients who received tolvaptan for non-hypovolemic hyponatremia were reviewed. Demographic and clin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-02848-6
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amoxycillin and ofloxacin are both well absorbed after oral administration, despite being hydrophilic. We have studied the possibility of competition between these two drugs for a carrier-mediated transport system, since both drugs are absorbed by saturable processes in the rat small intestine. Oral doses of amoxycill...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00315484
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the changes in consumption of psychotropic drugs by children aged less than 18 years during the years 1995 to 2001 in the Netherlands. METHODS:The year prevalence of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and psychostimulants for boys and girls under 18 years w...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-004-0765-9
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aims of this study were to characterise the population pharmacokinetics of oxypurinol in patients receiving haemodialysis and to compare oxypurinol exposure in dialysis and non-dialysis patients. METHODS:Oxypurinol plasma concentrations from 6 gout people receiving haemodialysis and 19 people with gout not...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-016-2133-y
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two of the most important functional CYP1A2 variations -3860G > A and -163C > A on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in Serbian pediatric epileptic patients. METHODS:The study involved 40 Serbian pediatric epileptic patients on steady-state carbamazepine t...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-2006-9
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A variety of diagnostic methods are available to validate the performance of population pharmacokinetic models. Internal validation, which applies these methods to the model building dataset and to additional data generated through Monte Carlo simulations, is often sufficient, but external validation, which req...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-03036-2
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00