Abstract:
:A total of 201 critically ill patients were studied during 267 courses of gentamicin or tobramycin treatment (139 gentamicin courses and 128 tobramycin courses). Of these 267 courses, pharmacokinetic and clinical data were obtained for 240 (120 gentamicin and 120 tobramycin). The data collected for pharmacokinetic analysis included measurements of serial blood and urine levels, urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, protein levels, and granular casts. A two-compartment model was used to assess tissue accumulation, and in 89 courses the predicted accumulation was confirmed by cumulative urine collection or postmortem tissue analysis. As groups, the patients given gentamicin and tobramycin did not differ in age, weight, creatine clearance, total dose given, duration of treatment, initial aminoglycoside through serum levels, number of dosage adjustments, concurrent use of furosemide, or concurrent cephalosporins. Previous aminoglycoside treatment (usually gentamicin) had occurred more frequently in the tobramycin treated patients (P less than 0.01), and more males than females received tobramycin (P less than 0.05). Pharmacokinetic assessments of renal damage were based on both changes in glomerular filtration rate (serum creatinine levels, creatinine clearance) and renal tubular damage (beta 2-microglobin, casts), but only patients with elevated aminoglycoside tissue levels leading to renal tubular damage and subsequent creatinine clearance decreases were considered to have experienced aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. In the pharmacokinetic analysis of nephrotoxicity, 29 gentamicin courses (24%) and 12 tobramycin courses (10%) were complicated by nephrotoxicity (P less than 0.01). The 201 study patients were also evaluated independently for clinical nephrotoxicity (defined as a serum creatinine level increase of 0.5 mg/dl or more). Clinical nephrotoxicity occurred at rates of 37% in the gentamicin-treated group and 22% in the tobramycin-treated group (P less than 0.02). In these similar groups of critically ill patients, tobramycin was less nephrotic than gentamicin.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Schentag JJ,Plaut ME,Cerra FBdoi
10.1128/aac.19.5.859subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-05-01 00:00:00pages
859-66issue
5eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
19pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::lacZ fusion strains were constructed using the promoters of five cell wall stress stimulon genes: pbp2, tcaA, vraSR, sgtB, and lytR. All fusion strains were induced only in the presence of cell wall-active antibiotics, suggesting the potential of these strains for use in high-throughput screening for new cell wall-act...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00273-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined whether gyrA mutations were present in fluoroquinolone-resistant laboratory mutants derived from the Bacteroides fragilis reference strain ATCC 25285 and in clinical isolates of B. fragilis. The two first-step mutants selected on ciprofloxacin (CIP) were devoid of gyrA mutations, whereas two of the three...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.7.1842-1845.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have become increasingly common worldwide, with the notable exception of the United States, where TEM- and SHV-type ESBLs have appeared to predominate. We have noted the emergence of ESBLs in our health care system (the University Health System in San Antonio, TX), ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00576-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common pathogen associated with nosocomial pneumonia and is an increasing threat for severe community-acquired pneumonia. We have now investigated the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in protective immunity against lung infection with MRSA. The importance of IL-12 ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00968-15
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) population model of anidulafungin was fitted to PK data from 23 critically ill patients (age, 65 years [range, 28 to 81 years]; total body weight [TBW], 75 kg [range, 54 to 168 kg]). TBW was associated with clearance and incorporated into a final population PK model. Simulations ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00378-19
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::The Michaelis-Menten inhibitory constants (Kis) and the concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase were determined for six sulfa drugs. These drugs inhibited the in vitro growth of P. falciparum (50% lethal concentration) at concentrations of 30 to 500 nM; these ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.2.267
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of methacycline against microbial L-forms and their parent bacteria was compared with that of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, and demethylchlortetracycline, as well as with that of 22 other antibiotics which included examples of major groups of antibiotics. The L-forms and bacteria used ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.2.4.276
更新日期:1972-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at risk of life-threatening bacterial infections, especially with viridans group streptococci. Primary antibacterial prophylaxis with vancomycin-based regimens reduces this risk but might increase the risks of renal or liver toxicity or Clostridium diffici...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01838-17
更新日期:2018-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::We have evaluated the influence of age on the intracortical accumulation kinetics of gentamicin in conscious male rats by using a short-term infusion model. Animals were infused with gentamicin over a 6-h period and achieved individual steady-state levels in serum ranging from 0.5 to 12 micrograms/ml. Young rats were ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.33.11.2006
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic therapy with penicillin, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone has proven to be effective for the treatment of Lyme borreliosis. In some patients, however, it was noticed that borreliae can survival in the tissues in spite of seemingly adequate therapy. For a better understanding of this phenomenon, we investigated ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.5.1127
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH) is largely linked to suppression of a catalase-peroxidase enzyme (KatG) that activates INH. In the absence of KatG, antioxidant protection is provided by enhanced expression of the peroxiredoxin AhpC, which is itself reduced by AhpD, a protein with low al...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.7.2424-2430.2004
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global dissemination and increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative organisms have resulted in acute public health concerns. Here, we present a retrospective multicenter study on molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates recovered from ext...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01345-16
更新日期:2016-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Viridin B, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus mitis, copurified with the alpha-hemolysin after ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The bacteriocin and hemolysin were separated in some instances by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, but the two substanc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.3.436
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of DX-619 was evaluated against 376 anaerobic isolates using the reference CLSI agar dilution method. Overall, 90% of the strains were susceptible to DX-619 at < or =1 microg/ml. It was more active than the other four compounds tested except for meropenem, which showed virtually identical overall activity...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.50.5.1887-1889.2006
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on the effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients are limited. The present retrospective observational cohort study, which was conducted in two general intensive care units (ICUs) in central Greece, compared critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02320-19
更新日期:2020-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of voriconazole on the blood tacrolimus concentration in a liver transplant recipient and to examine the interaction between voriconazole and tacrolimus by using human liver microsomes. Two subjects were enrolled in the clinical study: one received voriconazole, and t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.46.9.3091-3093.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::MarA47(Yp) from Yersinia pestis, showing 47% identity to Escherichia coli MarA in its N terminus, caused resistance to antibiotics and to organic solvents when expressed in both E. coli and Y. pestis. Resistance was linked to increased expression of the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump. In four of five spontaneous multidru...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00015-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colistin resistance, although uncommon, is increasingly being reported among Gram-negative clinical pathogens, and an understanding of its impact on the activity of antimicrobials is now evolving. We evaluated the potential for synergy of colistin plus trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1/19 ratio), or vanco...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05996-11
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two multidrug-resistant (MDR) mcr-1-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with urinary tract infections and one MDR Klebsiella quasipneumoniae isolate from a patient with bloodstream infection were identified to carry tmexCD1-toprJ1 The addition of the efflux pump inhibitor reduced the tigecycline MIC...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02075-20
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Genome editing using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) has been successfully applied to disrupt CCR5 or CXCR4 host factors and inhibit viral entry and infection. Gene therapy using ZFNs to modify the PSIP1 gene, which encodes the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) protein, might restrain an early step of the vir...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02690-14
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this open-label, fixed-sequence study was to investigate the potential of the botanical supplement Echinacea purpurea to interact with etravirine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV. Fifteen HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with etravirine (400 mg once daily) for at...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01205-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of the constitutively produced beta-lactamase (Bla) gene from Enterococcus faecalis HH22 was shown to be identical to the published sequences of three of four staphylococcal type A beta-lactamase genes; more differences were seen with the genes for staphylococcal type C and D enzymes. One hundr...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.9.1736
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influences of different pH levels and three different buffers on flucytosine activity against 12 isolates of Candida albicans in two synthetic media, yeast nitrogen base (YNB) and synthetic amino acid medium-fungal (SAAMF), using broth dilution techniques and measuring the endpoints of visual MICs and ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.3.364
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the efficacies of two N-methylglucomine antimoniate (MA) dose regimens for treating macaques with Leishmania braziliensis-induced chronic skin disease. Whereas all animals treated with the full dose (20 mg MA/kg/day) were cured, 50% of the monkeys receiving a low-dose regimen (5 mg MA/kg/day) relap...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00858-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of an itraconazole-cyclodextrin solution against Aspergillus fumigatus was assessed in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis and compared with that of amphotericin B. Oral itraconazole solution at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day improved survival as compared wit...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.11.2307
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monensin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic that is widely used in the control of coccidia in animals. Despite its significance in veterinary medicine, little is known about its mode of action and potential mechanisms of resistance in coccidian parasites. Here we show that monensin causes accumulation of the coccidia...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01092-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel penem molecules with heterocycle substitutions at the 6 position via a methylidene linkage were investigated for their activities and efficacy as beta-lactamase inhibitors. The concentrations of these molecules that resulted in 50% inhibition of enzyme activity were 0.4 to 3.1 nM for the TEM-1 enzyme, 7.8 to 72 ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4589-4596.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pretomanid was approved by the U.S. FDA, via the limited population pathway for antibacterial and antifungal drugs, as part of a three-drug regimen with bedaquiline and linezolid for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant and treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The recommended ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01121-20
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans develops drug resistance after long-term exposure to azole drugs in the treatment of chronic candidiasis. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the transcription factor Tac1 and the consequent expression of its targets, drug efflux pumps Cdr1 and Cdr2, are a common mechanism by...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01342-17
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Mecillinam is an amidino penicillinate derivative with a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-negative bacilli. Moreover, marked in vitro synergy against these organisms occurs when mecillinam is combined with other beta-lactam antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.18.6.952
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00