Abstract:
:We examined the influences of different pH levels and three different buffers on flucytosine activity against 12 isolates of Candida albicans in two synthetic media, yeast nitrogen base (YNB) and synthetic amino acid medium-fungal (SAAMF), using broth dilution techniques and measuring the endpoints of visual MICs and turbidimetric 50% inhibitory concentrations. The two media were originally prepared as follows: YNB, unbuffered, pH 5.6; SAAMF, buffered with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-Tris, pH 7.4; the resultant geometric mean MIC and 50% inhibitory concentration of 5-FC were 78- and 32-fold higher, respectively, in SAAMF. Raising the pH of YNB or lowering the pH of SAAMF had virtually no effect on these differences in MIC and 50% inhibitory concentration in the two media. In contrast, virtually all of the discrepancy appeared to be due to morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-Tris, which exerted concentration-dependent inhibition of flucytosine activity not evident when N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid or phosphate buffer systems were substituted. In other turbidimetric studies, growth was slowed more than 50% in YNB as the pH was raised to 7.4, regardless of which buffer was used. Based on our studies, we recommend modifying the composition of SAAMF by substituting a nonantagonistic buffer if any buffer is to be used with SAAMF in the testing of flucytosine. With this modification, SAAMF warrants further study as a generally applicable medium for fungal-susceptibility testing.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Calhoun DL,Galgiani JNdoi
10.1128/aac.26.3.364subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-09-01 00:00:00pages
364-7issue
3eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::MIC methodology was used to test the antibacterial activity of XRP 2868, a new oral combination of two semisynthetic streptogramins, RPR 132552A and RPR 202868, compared to activities of other antibacterial agents against pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. For 261 pneumococci, XRP 286...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.10.3270-3274.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides is known to occur during chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients in response to nonlethal concentrations of aminoglycosides. Not only is it difficult to achieve high levels of drug throughout the dehydrated mucus in the lung, but also ste...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00935-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pyridodiazepine amine inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase (MurI) was characterized. The compound was selectively active against H. pylori, and growth suppression was shown to be mediated through the inhibition of MurI by several methods. In killing kinetics experiments, the compound showed concentrat...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.04410-14
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agar and broth microdilution MICs of RP 74501-RP 74502, a mixture of streptogramin antimicrobial agents that inhibited 90% of 22 Legionella strains tested, were 0.64 and 0.08 microgram/ml, respectively; respective erythromycin values were 1.0 and 0.12 microgram/ml. RP 74501-RP 74502 at 1 microgram/ml was more active t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.4.908
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate maternal-fetal pharmacology of cefatrizine (BL-S 640), a new oral cephalosporin, a single oral 1,000-mg dose was administered to 33 gravidas (8 to 20 weeks' gestation) at varying intervals within 46 h of an elective therapeutic abortion by hysterectomy or intra-amniotic prostaglandin F(2a) induction. Mean ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.12.2.231
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacies of cilofungin and amphotericin B separately and together in mice with disseminated candidiasis were studied. Male CD-1 mice (age, 5 weeks) were infected intravenously with 3 X 10(5) CFU of Candida albicans. At 4 days postinfection, intraperitoneal therapy was initiated and was continued for 14 days. The...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.7.1334
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have reported previously that methylenecyclopropane analogs of nucleosides have excellent activity against certain members of the herpesvirus family. A second generation, the 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl derivatives, were synthesized, and 18 compounds were tested for activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.1039-1045.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innovation of new therapies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is being outpaced by the continued rise of MDR bacterial infections. Of particular concern are hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) that are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapies. The Gram-positive intestinal pathobiont Enterococcus faecalis is...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01454-19
更新日期:2019-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Piperaquine (PQ) is an important partner drug in antimalarial combination treatments, but the long half-life of PQ raises concerns about drug resistance. Our aim was to investigate the extended antimalarial effect of PQ in a study of drug efficacy, reinoculation outcomes, and parasite viability after the administratio...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00056-09
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children, resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) increases on an annual basis. Pediatric patients who do not respond to conventional therapy for respiratory tract infections someday may be treated ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.6.1790-1797.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most widely used drug for treatment of candidiasis is fluconazole (FCZ). Recently, a new derivative of 1,4-benzothiazine, compound FS5, was developed. FS5 had an appreciable protective effect against murine candidiasis. The present study was designed to dissect the antifungal mechanisms triggered by FS5 and to est...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.9.2170
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A basic, random copolymer of l-ornithine and l-leucine (OL; molar ratios 1:1) was bactericidal to a sensitive (S) strain of Staphylococcus aureus at low concentration. Resistant cells (R) were selected from the culture medium and, after serial transfers to solutions containing increasing amounts of the polymer, grew w...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.5.2.179
更新日期:1974-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonreplicating bacteria are known to be (or at least commonly thought to be) refractory to antibiotics to which they are genetically susceptible. Here, we explore the sensitivity to killing by bactericidal antibiotics of three classes of nonreplicating populations of planktonic bacteria: (i) stationary phase, when the...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02360-18
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleobase and nucleoside transporters play central roles in the biochemistry of parasitic protozoa, as they lack the ability to synthesize purines de novo and are absolutely reliant upon purine salvage from their hosts. Furthermore, such transporters are potentially critical to the pharmacology of these important hum...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.9.3682-3689.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is a nonionic surfactant and detergent that inhibits biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations as low as 0.001% and is well tolerated in human tissues. However, certain clinical and laboratory strains (PAO1) of P. aeruginosa are able to form biofilms in the presence of PS80. T...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00373-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similar to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tetracycline-resistant isolates of N. meningitidis, Kingella denitrificans, and Eikenella corrodens contained 25.2-megadalton plasmids carrying the TetM determinant. In contrast, tetracycline-resistant N. subflava biovar perflava-N. sicca and N. mucosa isolates carried the TetM determ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.5.765
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic peptides with an even number of alternating d,l-alpha-amino acid residues are known to self-assemble into organic nanotubes. Such peptides previously have been shown to be stable upon protease treatment, membrane active, and bactericidal and to exert antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and othe...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.8.3302-3310.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::β-Lactam antibiotics that inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the molecular basis underlying the different inhibitory potencies of β-lactams against specific PBPs is not fully understood. Here, we present the crystal structures of penicill...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00796-18
更新日期:2018-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Rifapentine is highly protein bound in blood, but the free, unbound drug is the microbiologically active fraction. In this exploratory study, we characterized the free plasma fraction of rifapentine in 41 patients with tuberculosis. We found a lower total rifapentine concentration but significantly higher free rifapen...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01730-13
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite over 40 years of worldwide usage, relatively few data have been published on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in pediatric surgical patients. The primary objectives of this study were to examine the pharmacokinetics and safety of cefazolin in children 10 to 12 years of age (inclusive) receiving 1 or 2 g of ce...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/AAC.00082-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::TBR-652 is a novel CCR5 antagonist with potent in vitro anti-HIV activity. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of TBR-652 in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral treatment-experienced, CCR5 antagonist-naïve patients. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized,...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.00713-10
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catheters and other indwelling devices placed inside human body are prone to bacterial infection, causing serious risk to patients. Infections associated with implants are difficult to resolve, and hence the prevention of bacterial colonization of such surfaces is quite appropriate. In this context, the development of...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00477-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1986 and 1988, the incidence of ampicillin-resistant enterococci increased sevenfold at a university-affiliated hospital. Forty-three patients acquired nosocomial infections with ampicillin-resistant enterococci, most of which were also resistant to mezlocillin, piperacillin, and imipenem. An analysis of plasm...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.5.1032
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a heterogeneous C-terminal fragment (residues 106 to 169) of bovine milk kappa-casein composed of glycosylated and phosphorylated forms of different genetic variants. We have demonstrated that CMP has growth-inhibitory activity against the oral opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus mutans ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.45.8.2309-2315.2001
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::CL 188,624, CL 190,294, and CL 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (THF)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these THF carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically dis...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.3.454
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topical foscarnet (PFA) and acyclovir (ACV) were compared in the dorsal cutaneous guinea pig model of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. The relative order of efficacy was PFA cream greater than ACV cream greater than ACV ointment. In vitro studies demonstrated that PFA and ACV formulated in cream vehicles penetra...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.1.196
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analogues based on the insect cecropin-bee melittin hybrid peptide (CEME) were studied and analyzed for activity and salt resistance. The new variants were designed to have an increase in amphipathic alpha-helical content (CP29 and CP26) and in overall positive charge (CP26). The alpha-helicity of these peptides was d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.7.1542
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of caspofungin combined with amphotericin B were investigated with Candida glabrata. Although in vitro experiments showed an indifferent interaction, the combination regimen was the only therapeutic approach yielding organ sterilization in a murine candidemia model. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2546-2549.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve straight-chain esters, C(5) to C(14), C(16), and C(18), of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were prepared, and their melting points, solubilities in water at 25 degrees C, infrared spectra, dissociation constants (pK(a)), and activities against Clostridium botulinum were determined. These studies also included four commer...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.6.798
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study determined the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefonicid. A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight was administered to five healthy volunteers as a 5-min intravenous infusion. Multiple plasma and urine samples were collected for 48 h. Peak plasma concentrations ranged from 95 to 156 micrograms/ml and fell s...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.21.6.935
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00