Abstract:
:Mammalian cells in culture have been used to study the genetic effects of physical and chemical agents. We have used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clone K1-BH4, to quantify mutations at the X-linked, large (35 kb) hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus (the CHO/HPRT assay) induced by environmental agents. By transfecting an hprt-deletion mutant CHO cell line with the plasmid vector pSV2gpt, we isolated a transformant, AS52. AS52 cells carry a single functional copy of an autosomal, small (456 bp) xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) gene (the bacterial equivalent of the mammalian hprt gene; AS52/GPT assay). We found that ionizing radiations such as X-rays and neutrons and oxidative genotoxic chemicals such as Adriamycin, bleomycin, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium superoxide are much more mutagenic to the gpt gene in AS52 cells than to the hprt locus in K1-BH4 cells. The hypermutability of the gpt gene probably results from a higher recovery of multilocus deletion mutants in AS52 cells than in K1-BH4 cells, rather than a higher yield of induced mutants. These results demonstrate that the use of the hprt locus alone could lead to an underestimate of the genetic risk of these agents. Analyses of the mutation spectrum using a polymerase chain reaction-based deletion screening and DNA sequencing procedure showed that a high proportion of HPRT- and GPT- mutants induced by X-rays carry deletion mutations. Thus, both the mutant frequency and mutation spectrum need to be considered in assessing the genetic risk of ionizing radiation and oxidative genotoxic chemicals.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Hsie AW,Xu Z,Yu Y,An J,Meltz ML,Schwartz JL,Hrelia Pdoi
10.1289/ehp.93101s3213subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-10-01 00:00:00pages
213-8eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
101 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study assessed whether exposure of male rats to two estrogenic, environmental chemicals, 4-octylphenol (OP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) during gestation or during the first 21 days of postnatal life, affected testicular size or spermatogenesis in adulthood (90-95 days of age). Chemicals were administered via...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.951031136
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107205
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locating geographic hot spots of cancer may lead to new causal hypotheses and ultimately to new knowledge of cancer-causing factors. The Cape Cod region of Massachusetts has experienced elevated incidence of breast cancer compared with statewide averages. The origins of the excess remain largely unexplained, even afte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110471
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A human lymphoblastoid cell line has been used to test for mutations caused by combustion-generated soot particles and their constituent components, which are substrate carbon-black and adsorbed condensate, principally in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It was found that the mutagenicity of the PAH...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9196239
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ambient air ozone (O3) is a pulmonary irritant that has been associated with respiratory health effects including increased lung inflammation and permeability, airway hyperreactivity, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function. Estimation of O3 exposure is a complex task because the pollutant exhibits...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306566
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are responsible for maintaining survival and stimulating growth of early dormant hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). These cytokines exhibit extensive overlap, with GM-CSF supporting growth and differentiation of myeloid HPC. A charac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.961041247
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stable associations of syntrophic fermentative organisms and populations that consume fermentation products play key roles in the anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated organic contaminants. The involvement of these syntrophic populations is essential for mineralization of chlorinated aromatic compounds under methano...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6933
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A system suitable for the detection of meiotic aneuploidy is described in which various different origins of the aneuploidy can be distinguished. Aneuploid meiotic products are detected as black disomic spores held in asci containing all the products of a single meiosis. Aneuploidy may result from nondisjunction or fr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.793167
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies report a small but positive association between short-term increases in airborne particulate matter and small increases in morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease in urban areas. However, the lack of a mechanistic explanation to link particle exposure and human healt...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problems of quantitating chrysotile in water by fiber count techniques are reviewed briefly and the use of mass quantitation is suggested as a preferable measure. Chrysotile fiber has been found in almost every sample of natural water examined, but generally transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) is required beca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.749161
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), a human toxicant and carcinogen, remains a global public health problem. Health risks persist after As exposure has ended, suggesting epigenetic dysregulation as a mechanistic link between exposure and health outcomes. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the association between tota...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6263
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human health and aquatic animal health are organically related at three distinct interfaces. Aquatic animals serve as important contributors to the nutritional protein, lipid, and vitamin requirements of humans; as carriers and transmitters of many infectious and parasitic diseases to which humans are susceptible; and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9086245
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Grafting experiments show that the enhanced sensitivity of the SENCAR mouse to skin carcinogenesis by initiation and promotion is a property of the skin itself, suggesting the usefulness of in vitro studies to elucidate the mechanism. Such studies have indicated that cultured epidermal cells of SENCAR mice and the res...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866839
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylphosphonothioate insecticides EPN and leptophos, and several analogs, were evaluated with respect to their delayed neurotoxic effects in hens and their environmental behavior in a terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem. Acute toxicity to insects was highly correlated with sigma sigma of the substituted phenyl g...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8036187
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells offer an interesting model system for evaluating differentiation because the cells are pluripotent, thus resembling germ cells and embryonic stem cells, and because a number of agents have been defined that are capable of promoting the differentiation of these cells. This chapter examine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.898025
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pheromones are substances emitted by one individual of a species and eliciting a specific response in a second individual of the same species. In moths (Lepidoptera) generally females lure males for mating by emission of a sex attractant pheromone comprised of either one or more components. Since 1966 the identificati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.14-1475097
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The historical exposures to aromatic amines of various occupational groups are briefly reviewed. Modern studies indicate that other occupational groups might have risks worth investigating; these include machinists and workers in the chemical industry. Details of a recent investigation into the exposure of dye workers...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834913
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Drinking water from natural sources in coastal Bangladesh has become contaminated by varying degrees of salinity due to saltwater intrusion from rising sea levels, cyclone and storm surges and upstream withdrawal of freshwater. Objective: Our objective was to estimate salt intake from drinking water source...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002804
更新日期:2011-04-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16-32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Aflatoxin, a contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in maize and nuts, is a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901388
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously conducted a study to assess whether household exposures to tap water increased an individual's internal dose of trihalomethanes (THMs). Increases in blood THM levels among subjects who showered or bathed were variable, with increased levels tending to cluster in two groups. OBJECTIVES:Our goal...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10049
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Residents living in communities near Superfund sites have expressed concern that releases from these facilities affect their health, including adverse effects on their immune systems. We used data from six cross-sectional studies to evaluate whether people who live near several Superfund sites are more likely to have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8946
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence suggests a proatherogenic role for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA2). A meta-analysis of published cohorts has shown that Lp-PLA2 is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events and stroke. OBJECTIVE:In this study, we investigated whether the association betw...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002681
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biomass smoke is an important source of particulate matter (PM), and much remains to be discovered with respect to the human health effects associated with this specific PM source. Exposure to biomass smoke can occur in one of two main categories: short-term exposures consist of periodic, seasonal exposures ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11378
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two remote maritime populations were evaluated for their biological exposure to organochlorines in 1989-1990. Because of their high intake of seafood, these two populations have high biological levels. One hundred nine breast milk samples from Inuit women from Arctic Québec were analyzed to determine levels of polychl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1205
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanisms governing the correlation between exposure to ultrafine particles and the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease remain unknown. Ultrafine particles appear to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier into the bloodstream, raising the possibility of direct contact with the vascular endothe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8497
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP507.]. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1289/EHP3422
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107933
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant rats were exposed by inhalation to vapor concentrations of 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm reduced the feed intake, mean body weight and red blood cell counts. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845725
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes quantitation of human hemoglobin and DNA adducts of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). NNK and NNN are believed to be involved in cancers of the lung, esophagus, oral cavity, and pancreas in people wh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.939957
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mortality impacts of hot and cold temperatures have been thoroughly documented, with most locations reporting a U-shaped relationship with a minimum mortality temperature (MMT) at which mortality is lowest. How MMT may have evolved over previous decades as the global mean surface temperature has increase...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1509692
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00