Abstract:
:In addition to the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, arginine vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurons have also been identified in limbic structures, including the hippocampus and amygdala. In the present study, we compared the qualitative properties of the in vitro release of AVP from the dissected hypothalamus with the in vitro release from the dissected amygdala and used these release systems to evaluate the interactions with neurotransmitters and cytokines. The areas of the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus that contain the AVP neurons and that receive cholinergic innervation are also interleukin (IL)-1 beta immunoreactive. Acetylcholine or high KCl (60 mM) induces AVP release in both regions, and the AVP release is calcium dependent. Acetylcholine-induced AVP release is antagonized by atropine or mecamylamine, indicating that both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are mediating the cholinergic effect in these brain regions. IL-1 beta (100 U/ml) had no effect on the basal AVP release from the hypothalamus, but significantly potentiated the acetylcholine-induced AVP release, lowering the threshold from 500 to 100 nM. This effect was completely blocked in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to IL-1 beta, atropine (10 microM) or mecamylamine (10 microM). IL-6, like IL-1 beta, also potentiated acetylcholine-induced AVP release, but to a lesser extent. Neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor interferon-gamma had any effect on the basal or acetylcholine-induced AVP release from the hypothalamus. None of the cytokines tested had any effect on the basal or acetylcholine-induced AVP release from the amygdala. Our results suggest a hypothalamic site of action of IL-1 beta and IL-6 on the acetylcholine-induced AVP release. The stimulatory effects of IL-1 and IL-6 on adrenocorticotropin release have been ascribed to an increased release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). These data further suggest that, in addition to CRF, AVP plays a role in the bidirectional communication between neuroendoc ine and immune systems. Understanding the mode of interaction between IL-1 beta and IL-6 with AVP could clarify pathophysiologic or toxic effects of high brain levels of these cytokines.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Raber J,Pich EM,Koob GF,Bloom FEdoi
10.1159/000126661subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-03-01 00:00:00pages
208-17issue
3eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of hepatic vagotomy upon the circadian rhythm of lipogenesis and body fat store levels were tested in seasonally obese Syrian hamsters. Lipogenesis was studied 8 weeks after surgery by measuring the incorporation of label into epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad lipid in animals killed 30 min after intr...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125531
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of steroids on the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) forms present in the eel (mammalian GnRH, mGnRH and chicken GnRH-II, cGnRH-II), as well as on gonadotropin (GTH), was studied using specific radioimmunoassays. Female silver eels received chronic treatments with various steroids (estradiol, testos...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126876
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A role for glutamate in signalling mechanisms in the mammalian pineal gland is suggested by the high concentration of the transmitter in pinealocytes and the expression of glutamate receptor subunits in the rat gland. A single type of glutamate binding site has been characterized in the rat and bovine pineal gland, pr...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126847
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. In addition, we examined the temporal relationship between the secretion of these two hypothalamic peptides and the secretion of t...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125141
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequency of pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) is high in the breeding season and low in the nonbreeding season. These alterations in the patterns of GnRH and LH release are due to an interaction of daylength and gonadal steroid negative feedback. A vast amount...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000076631
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolactin (PRL) secretion from the anterior pituitary is tonically controlled by the activity of the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) system. Changes in TIDA activity have been associated with the decrease in basal PRL levels shown by hamsters exposed to a short-day photoperiod. Potential concurrent...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000127153
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of obesity is rapidly escalating and has reached epidemic proportions. In all species, including rodents, humans, and sheep, there is large variation in the degree of weight gain across individuals in response to an obesogenic environment. This individual variation is, at least in part, determined by inn...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000455232
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Differences in the cardiovascular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functions at high altitudes (HAs) between visitors to and natives of HA were examined. METHODS:The cardiovascular functions and peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2) were monitored, and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and nig...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000363367
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether the inhibitory effect of clonidine (CLON) on renin secretion is due in part to a direct action on the kidneys or due entirely to an action on the brain, the drug was administered intravenously in a dose of 30 microgram/kg to dogs in which the spinal cord had been transected in the cervical region....
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122733
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin exerts important effects on the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure by acting in the brain. Leptin action is mediated by the interaction with a receptor that is alternatively spliced, resulting in at least five different isoforms. The long form (OB-Rb) has a long intracellular domain that is essent...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054536
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of stress- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin-induced release of ACTH, beta-endorphin (beta-END) and prolactin (PRL) was investigated in two groups of conscious male rats: (1) Rats pretreated with different H3 receptor agonists, which inhibit neuronal histamine (HA) synthesis and release, and (2) rats wi...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054402
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary transcription factor-1 (Pit-1 or GHF-1) is a transcription factor specific to the anterior pituitary and is involved in the expression and regulation of the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) beta-subunit genes. The expression of these three genes can be modulated by c...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126930
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on brain dopamine (DA) receptors of ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated by autoradiography using binding of the D1 and D2 antagonists ligands [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]spiperone, respectively. Fourteen days after ADX, D1 receptors decreased in th...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126158
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (Prl) in the serum of anestrous and cycling ewes were compared. The concentration of LH in serum and the frequency of episodic releases of LH were lower in anestrous than in cycling ewes. Concentrations of LH in serum rose as rapidly after ovariectomy of anestro...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122870
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoradiographic methods were used to study the location of estrogen-concentrating cells in the brain of the female hamster. In the hypothalamus, well-labelled cells were reliably found in the posterior medial preoptic area (MPOA), the anterior hypothalamus (AHA), and the ventromedial (VM), arcuate (ARC) and ventral p...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122626
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that the hypothalamic concentration of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and several POMC-derived peptides increases in the rat 4 weeks after orchiectomy and that this increase can be prevented by testosterone replacement. In this study, we have examined the short-term effects of orchiectomy...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125638
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of the alpha-subunit of the glycoprotein hormones was studied in the developing rat pituitary by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. The alpha-subunit mRNA labelling was detected in Rathke's pouch at 12 days' gestation (E12); at E13, it was exclusively concentrated in the pars tuber...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126600
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The parenchymal cells of the pars intermedia (PI) and corticotrophs of the pars distalis (PD) synthesize pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which, through posttranslational processing, gives rise to a group of structurally related peptides, including MSHs, ACTH, CLIP, LPHs and endorphins. We investigated the control of rele...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124203
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study provides evidence of a novel neuronal pathway for the control of GnRH secretion involving bradykinin neurons. Bradykinin neurons were shown by immunohistochemistry to be densely localized in several regions of the brain including the cortex, hippocampus and supraoptic nucleus, as well as two regions ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054316
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the primate, arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and to inhibit LH secretion. In the present study, we investigate the role of the endogenous opioid peptides and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in these processes. Adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys bearing a...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000127121
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The A1 and A2 brainstem noradrenergic cell groups project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which is involved in integrating the stress response. Bi-directional communication between the brain and immune system is well established, with both neuroendocrine and immune responses being activated by lipop...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054474
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been characterized on the basis of its intrinsic activity to release corticotropin from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Injected in intact rats, CRF increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release. Endogenous CRF-like immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm a...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125186
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::His-dTrp-Ala-Trp-dPhe,Lys-NH2(GHRP-6) is a synthetic compound that releases GH in a dose-response and specific manner in several species and that may well be related to an endogenous compound of similar structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo GH responses to GHRP-6 in pentobarbital anesthetized...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126366
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present article we report that in vivo LHRH output as measured at the anterior pituitary following castration significantly increased, due to larger and more frequent LHRH signals arriving to this gland. This contrasts with the decreased amplitude and overall mean LHRH release of castrate males bearing a push-p...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124748
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the role of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion in ovariectomized (ovx) adult rats treated with estradiol and progesterone, we measured the release rates of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, as well as the neurally inactive am...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126673
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characteristic increases in neuronal activity coincident with the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland have been recorded from electrodes chronically implanted in the medial basal hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey. This electrophysiologic manifestation of the hypothalamic 'pulse generator'...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123988
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differences in plasma prolactin concentration between normal and estradiol-implanted male rats were compared after treatment with 3 different stimulating agents of prolactin secretion [ether anesthesia, pimozide (a "specific' dopaminergic receptor blocking agent) and TRH] using conscious, free-moving rats implante...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123087
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::At present there is no clinical guideline or standardised protocol for the treatment of metastatic or invasive phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (collectively known as PPGL) due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of prospective studies or extended national databases. Prognosis is mainly determined by genetic ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000499497
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of these studies was to determine the temporal requirements and time of day required for progesterone (P4) to amplify versus extinguish LH surges. The experimental animal model used in these studies was the 7-day ovariectomized rat (day 0) treated continuously with estradiol (E2) for 2-4 days (days 2, 3 or...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124241
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant rats were kept on an ethanol-containing (6% w/v) liquid diet from the 13th day of gestation and serum growth hormone (GH) levels were determined in the offspring after four different experimental paradigms. In controls, administration of cyproheptadine (a serotonin-blocking agent), or insulin, or exposure to ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123910
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00