Abstract:
:Studies were undertaken to characterize the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the conscious sheep. In addition, we examined the temporal relationship between the secretion of these two hypothalamic peptides and the secretion of three pro-opiomelanocortin peptides--adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ir-beta-endorphin, and ir-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone--and cortisol and determined the effects of an audiovisual emotional stimulus and insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the basal state, the secretion of CRF, AVP, the three pro-opiomelanocortin peptides, and cortisol was pulsatile in nature, and three CRF and AVP pulse patterns were observed: a concordant increase in CRF and AVP, an isolated rise in CRF, and an isolated increase in AVP. In 4 of the 5 animals, a 3-min audiovisual stress (barking dog) rapidly increased the plasma levels of all the measured substances, although the magnitude and duration of the effect differed markedly between the animals. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia markedly increased AVP and, to a lesser extent, CRF concentrations in portal plasma and thereby altered the CRF:AVP molar ratio. Although pituitary-adrenal activation was closely correlated with the increased hypothalamic activity, a strict 1:1 concordance between CRF/AVP secretion and ACTH secretion was not seen. The anesthetic ketamine selectively increased portal AVP concentrations to levels which exceeded those attained during hypoglycemia and rapidly activated the pituitary-adrenal axis. We conclude the following: (1) CRF and AVP are secreted by the hypothalamus in a pulsatile fashion; (2) ACTH secretion can be stimulated by increases in either CRF or AVP; (3) the absence of a strict 1:1 concordance between hypothalamic CRF/AVP release and pituitary ACTH secretion during stress may be partly due to the release of additional hypothalamic ACTH secretagogues; (4) the ability of both audiovisual stimuli and insulin-induced hypoglycemia to augment CRF and AVP secretion indicates that the paraventricular hypothalamus may be activated by a variety of neural inputs, and (5) the marked alteration of the CRF:AVP molar ratio during stress suggests that AVP may be an important ACTH secretagogue in vivo in the sheep.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Engler D,Pham T,Fullerton MJ,Ooi G,Funder JW,Clarke IJdoi
10.1159/000125141subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-04-01 00:00:00pages
367-81issue
4eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To assess the neuroendocrine correlates of menstrual status migrainosus (MSM) and menstrual migraine (MM), we evaluated the prolactin (PRL) and cortisol responses to the direct central serotoninergic (5-HT) agonist meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) administered orally (0.5 mg/kg) during the follicular (FP: +6, +8) a...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000071706
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, e.g. NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d), catalyzes formation of the free radical, nitric oxide (NO), and occurs within brain structures that have functional significance for energy fuel homeostasis. The following studies examined whether populations of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the hypothalam...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054417
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Binding sites for prolactin were localized and quantified in the female rat brain by in vitro autoradiographic analysis with iodine-125-labeled ovine prolactin. Following incubation, labeled prolactin bound preferentially to the median eminence and choroid plexus of the lateral and third ventricles. The addition of ex...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125182
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of gender on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression in cultured anterior pituitary (AP) cells. AP cells derived from 15-day-old male, female, or female pups that had been neonatally treated with testosterone propionate (TP), were cultured for u...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126815
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that the neonatal treatment of rats with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) induces several metabolic abnormalities, resulting in enhanced adiposity and hyperleptinemia. Our study was designed to explore the consequences of MSG-induced chronic hyperleptinemia on adrenal sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of ex...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000072799
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is extensive evidence that serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in the neuroendocrine control regulating the secretion of several anterior pituitary hormones. It has also been reported that the posterior pituitary is necessary for prolactin (PRL) response to 5-HT as well as to suckling, in which 5-HT implication has b...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054381
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:The mode of action of the somatostatin analog octreotide on neuro-endocrine tumour proliferation is largely unknown. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene Akt/PKB (protein kinase B) has been demonstrated in certain neuro-endocrine tumours: Akt activates downstream proteins including mTOR and p70S6K, which...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000111501
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secretion of gonadotropins and the role exerted by the endogenous opioid system on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion were investigated in 6 postmenopausal women affected by idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in 6 age- and weight-matched normal postmenopausal women as controls. The mean plasma follicle...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125773
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of sonicated suspensions of phosphatidylserine (PS), an acidic phospholipid, was investigated on prolactin secretion utilizing in vivo and in vitro approaches. Acute and chronic administration of PS reduced plasma prolactin levels during different phases of circadian rhythms. The phospholipid was able to in...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123261
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infusion of the three human prepro-VIP derived peptides [vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and the newly discovered peptide histidine valine (PHV-42)] at a constant nominal rate of 5 pmol/kg/min in 6 healthy volunteers for 60 min resulted in plateau plasma levels of 56,475 and 1,0...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125071
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus, the daily temporal pattern of synthesis and release of pineal hormone melatonin, mainly the length of the period of elevated melatonin levels, may be involved in transferring the information on day length to the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis. The present study investigated th...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123895
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have attempted to elucidate the effect of glucose concentrations on the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a brain neuropeptide possessing glucoregulatory function, from rat hypothalamic slices in vitro. Rat hypothalamic slices were preincubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (K...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125751
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using specific antibodies to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) we have immunocytochemically located cells and fibres containing these peptides in sheep fetuses. CRF neurones were first detected, in low frequency, in the paraventricular nuclei of fetuses of 90 days of gestation (term ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124860
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin, the product of the obese gene, is a protein that is secreted primarily from adipocytes. Leptin can influence the function of the pituitary gland through its action on the hypothalamus, but it can also directly act at the level of the pituitary gland. The ability of leptin to induce an increase in intracellular...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000081843
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadal steroids exert an important regulatory influence upon the biosynthetic and secretory activity of the somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons controlling the release of growth hormone. It is hypothesized that some of these effects occur in an indirect transsynaptic manner through the st...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000064428
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of vasopressin (VP) in pars distalis of rats and pigs was investigated. Using radioimmunoassay and bioassay of VP, a substance with immunological and biological properties of this hormone was found. This substance was not detected in the adenohypophysis of rats with diabetes insipidus. A partial purificat...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122841
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine content was studied in dogs with spontaneous and iatrogenic hypercortisolism and in untreated normal dogs. The concentration of NE in the hypothalamus was subnormal in 4 of 8 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), whereas long-term administration of cort...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123158
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pituitary-adrenal axis is known to be stimulated during the acute-phase response. As cytokines play a central role in mediating the constellation of host response occurring during the acute-phase response it was of interest to assess the ability of cytokines to stimulate ACTH secretion from normal pituitary cells ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125004
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrical stimulation in the subfornical organ (SFO) alters the excitability of antidromically identified paraventricular nucleus neurons. Extracellular recordings demonstrate that the dominant effect of single stimuli delivered to the SFO on neurohypophyseal oxytocin and vasopressin containing neurons is an increase...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124015
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyponatremia due to elevated arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion increases mortality in liver failure patients. The mechanisms causing dysregulation of AVP secretion are unknown. Our hypothesis is that inappropriate AVP release associated with liver failure is due to increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000503723
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT), a competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, was used to block the synthesis of hypothalamic catecholamines in immature female rats of 14, 16 and 30 days of age and in castrated adults. The administration of alpha-MT (300 mg/kg body weight, free base) induced a significant decay...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125611
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent description of infertility in humans with loss-of-function mutations in genes for neurokinin B (NKB) or its receptor (NK3R) has focused attention on the importance of this tachykinin in the control of GnRH secretion. In a number of species, NKB neurons in the arcuate nucleus also produce two other neuropept...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000355285
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of intraventricular and intravenous (i.v.) hypertonic saline on plasma and perfusate arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) levels was determined. A push-pull technique was used to sample third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the conscious unrestrained rat. Intraventricular perfusion of hyper...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124008
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is the major regulator of adrenocortical steroidogenesis in mammals. By comparing the sensitivity to ACTH of isolated adrenocortical cells from two sources of the same strain (Sprague-Dawley, SD) of outbred rats, we have identified a source of rat with low sensitivity to ACTH in vitr...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054339
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the procedure of Jeffcoate et al. [1974] we have successfully obtained a specific antiserum to LH-RH in rabbits, and are utilizing our antibody to study the synthesis of LH-RH by rat hypothalamic tissues in vitro. Our antibody, used at a dilution of 1:20,000, binds 37% of added 125I-labelled LH-RH, and cross...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122517
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and estradiol stimulate fetal ACTH secretion and augment fetal ACTH responses to stress. We have reported that estradiol increases prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGHS-2), and we have proposed that there is a positive feedback relationship between estrogen and fetal h...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000109664
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A consistent group of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cell bodies occurs in the ventral hypothalamic tract at the infundibular lip (IL), just below the arcuate nucleus (ARC), at the site of the so-called GnRH 'pulse generator'. Immunocytochemical studies were performed to examine contacts between these GnRH neur...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124914
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were conducted to determine if the hypothermic effects of barbiturates were responsible for their ability to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in rats following ovariectomy or treatment with gonadal steroids. In both ovariectomized rats and rats treated with estradiol and progesterone, pentobarbital ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124822
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When fetal preoptic area (POA) brain grafts that contain gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells are transplanted into the third ventricle of adult female hypogonadal mice, the animals respond with sexual maturation, persistent estrus, and the ability to ovulate reflexively after mating. However, the absence of normal sp...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124998
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on brain dopamine (DA) receptors of ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated by autoradiography using binding of the D1 and D2 antagonists ligands [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]spiperone, respectively. Fourteen days after ADX, D1 receptors decreased in th...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126158
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00