Abstract：
:Biodistribution of cocaine in female rats before and after delivery of litters was studied in order to provide an explanation for the observed differences in cocaine-induced toxicity in pregnant and postpartum rats. Cocaine (20 mg/kg, ip) given to female rats at 16 days of gestation or 20 days of gestation did not have any apparent neurotoxic effects in the mothers. Similarly, no apparent toxicity was observed in virgin animals injected with the same dosage of cocaine. However, administration of the same dosage of cocaine to rats after delivery caused clonic-tonic convulsions and death within 5 min of injection. In an effort to explain these differences, the biodistribution of cocaine was investigated by injecting levo-[benzoyl-3,4-3H(N)] cocaine (20 mg/20 microCi/kg, ip) to nonpregnant rats and rats at different gestation periods and after delivery. The mean serum/brain ratios (concentration of cocaine in serum divided by cocaine concentration in the brain) of cocaine 5 min after injection in rats at 16 days gestation, 20 days gestation, within a 12-hr period after delivery, and in control virgin animals were 2099, 1132, 427, and 632, respectively. These results indicate that the biodistribution of cocaine is altered at parturition. This may explain the increased central nervous system toxicity in rats treated with cocaine after delivery. Results from this investigation may be useful in evaluating complications during labor and delivery which have been associated with cocaine abuse by pregnant women.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Dwivedi C,Engineer FN,Vaughan SLdoi
10.1006/taap.1993.1018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
131-4issue
1eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041008X83710185journal_volume
118pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to the predominant mechanism and also the compositional element(s) that drives the pulmonary inflammatory response of ambient particulate matter (PM). We have investigated the inflammogenic potential of coarse (2.5-10 microm) and fine (<2.5 microm) PM from both a rura...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.002
更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component in rosemary extract, has many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Smad3 acetylation can regulate the transcription of type I α2 collagen (COL1A2), which is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether C...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.010
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.025
更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.0239
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tabun represents the phosphoramidate class of organophosphates that are covalent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an essential enzyme in neurotransmission. Currently used therapy in counteracting excessive cholinergic stimulation consists of a muscarinic antagonist (atropine) and an oxime reactivator of inhi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115038
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2002.9398
更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Speciation of arsenicals in biological samples is an essential tool to gain insight into its distribution in tissues and its species-specific toxicity to target organs. Biological samples (urine, hair, fingernail) examined in the present study were collected from 41 people of West Bengal, India, who were drinking arse...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylglyoxal is found in high levels in the blood and other tissues of diabetic patients and exerts deleterious effects on cells and tissues. Previously, we reported that resveratrol, a polyphenol in grapes, induced the expression of Sestrin2 (SESN2), a novel antioxidant protein, and inhibited hepatic lipogenesis. Th...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90364-z
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.001
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), a constituent of diesel exhaust, is carcinogenic to rats and is a bacterial and mammalian mutagen. Biliary and fecal excretion of 1-NP metabolites are the major routes of excretion in rats, suggesting that hepatic metabolism plays a dominant role in determining the biological fate of 1-NP. The pu...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(84)90189-3
更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The radioprotective effect of extracellular melanin, a naturally occurring pigment, isolated from the fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex was examined in BALB/C mice, and the probable mechanism of action was established. At an effective dose of 50mg/kg body weight, melanin exhibited both prophylactic and mitigative acti...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.012
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the interaction of retinoid-induced limb defects and cleft palate on day 11 of gestation, a RXR-selective agonist (AGN191701, an arylpropenyl-thiophene-carboxylic acid derivative, 20 mg/kg orally) was coadministered with a RARalpha-agonist (Am580, an arylcarboxamidobenzoic acid derivative, 5 mg/kg orally) to ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2000.9074
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.022
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunosuppressive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on immune responses in rodents, both in vivo and in vitro, have been widely documented. However, few studies have addressed the immunotoxicity of PAHs in the human system. In this report, we examined the toxic effects of nine different PAHs on hu...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.0173
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro modulation of muscarinic autoreceptor function by the organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases chlorpyrifos oxon, paraoxon, and methyl paraoxon. Acetylcholine (ACh) release was studied by preloading slices from rat striatum with [3H]choline and depolarizing wi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2001.9326
更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated levels of polyamines have long been associated with skin tumorigenesis. Tightly regulated metabolism of polyamines is critical for cell survival and normal skin homeostasis, and these controls are dysregulated in skin tumorigenesis. A key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is upre...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.036
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of psychopharmacological agents were administered to adult male Fischer-344 rats pretreated with a tremorigenic dose of chlordecone in an attempt to elucidate the involvement of spinal and supraspinal processes in the mediation and/or expression of chlordecone-induced tremor. Agents effective in attenuating t...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90156-4
更新日期：1983-09-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8105
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selectively deuterated and methylated analogs of the nematocide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) were compared to DBCP in causing acute renal damage in rats. All of the six deuterated analogs tested at 340 mumol/kg, including the perdeutero compound, failed to significantly alter the kidney necrosis observed at 48 h...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90058-5
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(89)90120-8
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of isocyanates in industry has been increasing and, therefore, the potential for human exposure has also increased. Two such isocyanates are diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (SMDI). Furthermore, there are only a few reports describing the toxicity of these diiso...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90182-6
更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene exposure can result in bone marrow myelotoxicity. We examined the effects of benzene metabolites on bone marrow stromal cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment. Male B6C3F1 mouse bone marrow adherent stromal cells were plated at 4 X 10(6) cells per 2 ml of DMEM medium in 35-mm tissue culture dishes. The grow...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(84)90027-9
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms underlying the gender differences in susceptibility to APAP overdose in mice have not been clarified. In our study, APAP (300mg/kg) caused severe liver injury in male mice but 69-77% lower injury in fema...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.09.002
更新日期：2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Beryllium (Be+2), a divalent metal ion, is toxic to both man and animal. Although the molecular basis for its toxicity is unknown, it is well established that micromolar concentrations of beryllium specifically inhibit certain enzymes. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the presence of ferritin, an iron-storage...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90211-5
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:St. John's wort (SJW, Hypericum perforatum) is one of the popular nutraceuticals for treating depression. Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressant with narrow therapeutic window. This study investigated the effect of SJW on MTX pharmacokinetics in rats. Rats were orally given MTX alone and coadministered with 300 an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.020
更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00
