Abstract:
:There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to the predominant mechanism and also the compositional element(s) that drives the pulmonary inflammatory response of ambient particulate matter (PM). We have investigated the inflammogenic potential of coarse (2.5-10 microm) and fine (<2.5 microm) PM from both a rural and an industrial location in Germany, using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of rat lungs 18 h post intratracheal instillation with PM. Irrespective of the sampling location, the coarse fraction of PM(10) but not its fine counterpart caused neutrophilic inflammation in rat lungs, in the absence of any severe pulmonary toxicity as indicated by the lack of an increase in lavage protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The rural sample of coarse PM also caused a significant increase in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) content as well as glutathione depletion in the BAL fluid. The contrasting inflammatory responses of the different samples could not be explained by differences in the concentrations of soluble Fe, Cu, V, Ni, Cr, or Al or by the.OH generating capacities of the PM suspensions. However, the effects of the different PM samples were clearly associated with their endotoxin content, as well as their ability to induce interleukin (IL)-8 and TNFalpha from whole blood in vitro. In conclusion, on an equal mass basis, coarse but not fine PM samples from our sampling campaign induced an inflammatory reaction in the lung in the absence of gross cellular lung damage, following intratracheal instillation. Our data also indicate, in accordance with previous independent in vitro observations, that endotoxin or related contaminants may play a role in these in vivo effects.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Schins RP,Lightbody JH,Borm PJ,Shi T,Donaldson K,Stone Vdoi
10.1016/j.taap.2003.10.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-02-15 00:00:00pages
1-11issue
1eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041008X03005015journal_volume
195pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the roles played by cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs) in the induction of contact allergy. A number of associated changes in epidermal Langerhans cell phenotype and function required for effective skin sensitization are providing the foundations for the development ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::An in vitro model, the aggregating brain cell culture of fetal rat telencephalon, has been used to study the maturation-dependent sensitivity of brain cells to two organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), chlorpyrifos and parathion, and to their oxon derivatives. Immature (DIV 5-15) or differentiated (DIV 25-35) brain cells...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Hydrolytic metabolism of pyrethroid insecticides in humans is one of the major catabolic pathways that clear these compounds from the body. Rodent models are often used to determine the disposition and clearance rates of these esterified compounds. In this study the distribution and activities of esterases that cataly...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::In rat skeletal muscle, chronic exposure to 50 ppm Cd2+ in drinking water produced both ultrastructural and functional damage, which took place successively and increased gradually with duration of treatment. Ultrastructurally, the first effect was a regression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial cristae, and...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90180-1
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90331-6
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9341
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.02.010
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.005
更新日期:2012-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor receptor antibody (EGFRAb) conjugated silica nanorattles (SNs) were synthesized and used to develop receptor mediated endocytosis for targeted drug delivery strategies for cancer therapy. The present study determined that the rate of internalization of silica nanorattles was found to be high in...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1189
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90271-f
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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abstract::The rapid development of high-volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing for mining natural gas from shale has posed potential impacts on human health and biodiversity. The produced flow back waters after hydraulic stimulation are known to carry high levels of saline and total dissolved solids. To understand the toxicity ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.011
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metals such as arsenic, cadmium, beryllium, and nickel are known human carcinogens; however, other transition metals, such as tungsten (W), remain relatively uninvestigated with regard to their potential carcinogenic activity. Tungsten production for industrial and military applications has almost doubled over the pas...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
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更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenolic compounds, such as 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), have been shown to interfere with rat ovarian steroidogenesis. However, little is known about steroidogenic effects of infantile OP exposure on immature ovary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of infantile OP exposure on plasma FSH, LH, es...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by systemic injection and then exposed for up to 8 weeks to ovalbumin aerosols in whole body chambers. A pattern of airway inflammation, mucous cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and airway remodeling with submucosal fibrosis was observed as lesions evolved over time. Larger con...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(02)00025-x
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00