Abstract：
:An analysis was performed of direct maternal mortality over 22 years (1950 through 1971) in the state of Michigan. The overall direct maternal mortality rate fell from 5.0/10,000 live births in 1950 to 1.5 in 1971. The rate among nonwhites was more than four times greater than among whites and the difference in relative risk did not narrow over the 22 years. Mortality rates increased with increasing maternal age but not with increasing parity. Nulliparous women had a significantly higher mortality rate than did parous women, particularly those over 25 years of age. when the white gravida of urban Wayne County were compared with the white gravida of 33 rural counties, no difference in direct maternal mortality rates could be attributed to rurality per se. Hemorrhage, infection, and toxemia were the leading causes of direct maternal death. The data suggest that hospitals with less active obstetrical services were associated with a higher risk of direct maternal mortality than were hospitals whose obstetrical services were more active. An increasing proportion of the direct maternal deaths was designated as preventable over the study period. It is believed that analyses of maternal mortality have led to improved perinatal and obstetrical care and that further advances require their continued support. (Am. J. Public Health 67:821-829, 1977)
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Schaffner W,Federspiel CF,Fulton ML,Gilbert DG,Stevenson LBdoi
10.2105/ajph.67.9.821subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-09-01 00:00:00pages
821-9issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Sexual and reproductive health remains the contentious concept it was at the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo, Egypt. In light of the recent 15-year review of ICPD, we suggest several areas where advocates, practitioners, and researchers can inform future...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2009.177873
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The reported prevalence of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex is 8% to 17%, and that of latex-induced occupational asthma is 2.5% to 6%. Conversion of medical facilities to "latex-safe" can reduce employee sensitization, impairment, and disability. The purpose of this study was to determine the cos...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.89.7.1024
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article examines the role of Black American nurses during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic and the aftermath of World War I. The pandemic caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide and 675 000 in the United States. It occurred during a period of pervasive segregation and racial violence, in which Black Americans...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2019.305003
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate a multicultural smoking prevention curriculum, 16 schools were randomized to receive the multicultural curriculum or a standard curriculum and program effects on 1-year smoking initiation among 1430 never smokers were assessed. Hispanic boys who received the multicultural curriculum were less likely to ini...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2105/ajph.94.2.263
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304412.]. ...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2018.304412e
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the effect of a weight gain prevention intervention (Shape Program) on depression among socioeconomically disadvantaged overweight and obese Black women. METHODS:Between 2009 and 2012, we conducted a randomized trial comparing a 12-month electronic health-based weight gain prevention interventi...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2014.302004
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined the effectiveness of community-level HIV prevention programming for men who have sex with men. METHODS:We used multilevel methods to examine unprotected intercourse by bisexual men (n = 1016) with male and female partners in geographic regions with and without HIV prevention programming. RESULT...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.94.7.1181
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Much research has documented that youthful substance use typically follows a sequence starting with use of alcohol or tobacco or both and potentially proceeding to marijuana and then hard drug use. This study explicitly examined the probabilities of progression through each stage and their covariates. METHO...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.91.2.225
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Our community-academic partnership employed community-based participatory research to develop and pilot a simple, peer-led intervention to promote weight loss, which can prevent diabetes and eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in incident diabetes among overweight adults with prediabetes. METHODS:We recruit...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2009.170910
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act mandates that there be no out-of-pocket cost for Food and Drug Administration-approved contraceptive methods. Among 987 privately insured reproductive aged Pennsylvania women, fewer than 5% were aware that their insurance covered tubal sterilization, and only 11% were awa...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2015.302829
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We postulated the existence of a statin-iron nexus by which statins improve cardiovascular disease outcomes at least partially by countering proinflammatory effects of excess iron stores. METHODS:Using data from a clinical trial of iron (ferritin) reduction in advanced peripheral arterial disease, the Iron ...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2012.301163
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Men entering gay bars in three small southern cities were administered questionnaires to assess AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) risk knowledge, perceived norms concerning the social acceptability of AIDS risk precautions, and personal sexual behavior. Seventy-seven percent (N = 355) of male patrons completed...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.80.4.416
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Workplace barriers contribute to low rates of breastfeeding. Research shows that supportive state laws correlate with higher rates, yet by 2009, only 23 states had adopted any laws to encourage breastfeeding in the workplace. Federal law provided virtually no protection to working mothers until the 2010 enactment of t...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2009.185280
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between intimate partner violence victimization among women in the general population and emergency department use. We sought to discern whether race/ethnicity moderates this relationship and to explore these relationships in race/ethnic-specific models. METHODS:We used data on ...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2006.091116
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The geographic distribution of newborn human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence at zip code level was compared with the distribution of four sociodemographic variables. For New York City significant univariate correlations were found between HIV and low birthweight, drug use (as measured by hospital discharges), ma...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.81.suppl.25
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unprotected sexual intercourse remains a primary mode of HIV transmission in the United States. We found that receipt of services to reduce HIV transmission-risk behaviors was low among 3787 HIV-infected individuals and that men who have sex with men were especially unlikely to receive these services even though they ...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2007.124933
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has spread among the male working-class population of Santos, Brazil. METHODS:Questionnaires on risk behaviors and blood tests were administered to a random sample (n = 395) of male port workers employed by the Santos Port ...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1158
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We analyzed the relationship between physician migration from developing source countries to more developed host countries (brain drain) and the developmental and global health profiles of source countries. METHODS:We used a cross-section of 141 countries that lost emigrating physicians to the 4 major desti...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2006.095844
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction is a complex brain disease with frequently overlapping expressions involving nicotine, alcohol, and other drugs. Yet current health care practices, public policies, and national treatment data too often exclude nicotine or address its use as completely separate from other forms of substance use and addiction...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2013.301448
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended discontinuing the use of adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) to treat influenza because of high levels of resistance to this class of antivirals. We examined changes in prescribing practices resulting from this recommendation and found that presc...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2009.171462
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A longitudinal survey assessed the distribution of adult body weight among the Chinese population. METHODS:Data from the 1989 and 1991 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to study changes in the proportions of adults aged 20-45 years who were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.85.5.690
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs). METHODS:We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a docume...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2011.300392
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic treatment regimes are an emerging and important methodological area in health research, particularly in the management of chronic health conditions. This paradigm encompasses the ideological shift in research from the acute care model to the chronic care model. It allows individualization of treatment (type, d...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2010.198937
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results from a random sample survey of US Air Force personnel show that 4.6 per cent exhibit alcohol dependence, indicated by symptoms of withdrawal and impaired control over drinking. An additional 9.3 per cent can be identified as nondependent alcohol abusers, indicated by serious adverse effects of drinking (such a...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.71.10.1125
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hookah use is gaining popularity nationwide. We determined the correlates and trends for hookah use from the California Tobacco Survey. Between 2005 and 2008 hookah use increased more than 40%, and in 2008, 24.5% of young men reported ever using a hookah. Hookah use was more common among the young (18-24 years), the e...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2011.300196
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current theoretical approaches to bioethics and public health ethics propose varied justifications as the basis for health care and public health, yet none captures a fundamental reality: people seek good health and the ability to pursue it. Existing models do not effectively address these twin goals. The approach I e...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2008.143651
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We examined factors associated with completing, initiating, or intending to pursue voluntary national accreditation among local health departments (LHDs). METHODS:We examined National Association of County and City Health Officials 2010 and 2013 profile data in a pooled cross-sectional design with bivariate...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2014.302503
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On June 20, 1997 a group of attorneys and health advocates proposed a "global settlement" of all public and private litigation against the tobacco industry. This agreement was controversial, and the subsequent implementing legislation was defeated. We sought to determine whether the global settlement represented a "mi...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.94.2.218
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project to compare birthweights and birthweight-specific mortality risks among Native American and White infants. Because race categories in NIMS were limited to White, Black, and all, we studied six states in which greater than 85 per cent of newborn...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/ajph.78.5.499
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to ascertain the types of ethical challenges public health practitioners face in practice and to identify approaches used to resolve such challenges. METHODS:We conducted 45 semistructured interviews with public health practitioners across a range of occupations (e.g., health officers, medical dir...
journal_title：American journal of public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2105/AJPH.2008.137588
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
