Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:This paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has spread among the male working-class population of Santos, Brazil. METHODS:Questionnaires on risk behaviors and blood tests were administered to a random sample (n = 395) of male port workers employed by the Santos Port Authority. RESULTS:Although the rate of HIV infection among these men- the working-class male population of Santos-remains low (1.1%), self-reported behavioral risks for HIV infection are common. CONCLUSIONS:There is still time to prevent a widespread outbreak of HIV infection among the hetero-sexual population of Santos and of the transportation corridors emanating from that city.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Larcerda R,Stall R,Gravato N,Tellini R,Hudes ES,Hearst Ndoi
10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-08-01 00:00:00pages
1158-60issue
8eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To ascertain HCV testing practices among US prisons and jails, we conducted a survey study in 2012, consisting of medical directors of all US state prisons and 40 of the largest US jails, that demonstrated a minority of US prisons and jails conduct routine HCV testing. Routine voluntary HCV testing in correctional fac...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302071
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Put Prevention Into Practice (PPIP) materials affected the delivery of 8 clinical preventive services. METHODS:Program materials were provided to a family medicine practice serving a diverse, low-income population. Appropriate use of clinical preventive serv...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.10.1622
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We interviewed 1038 HIV-positive inpatients in public hospitals in Miami, Florida, and Atlanta, Georgia, to examine patient factors associated with use of HIV care, use of antiretroviral therapy, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Multivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models showed that use of crack ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.139931
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-week composite sample of prime time television programming from fall 1984 was analyzed for portrayals of alcohol and tobacco. Earlier studies note that smoking acts have progressively declined, suggesting smoking is no longer as frequent on prime time television. The current study notes higher levels of smoking....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.698
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated enforcement of mental health benefits provided by California Medicaid's Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program. Enforcement, compelled by a consumer-driven lawsuit, resulted in an almost 4-fold funding increase over a 5-year period. We evaluated the impact of enforcement on ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.094771
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined hospital administrators' experiences with the National Practitioner Data Bank. METHODS:One hundred forty-nine rural hospital administrators completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the data bank. RESULTS:Nearly 90% of respondents rated the data bank as an important source...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.4.663
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed the contribution of age and other risk factors to racial disparities in rates of moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500-2499 g) and very low birthweight (VLBW; <1500 g). METHODS:Logistic regression models were developed to determine the effects on MLBW and VLBW of maternal age, race, and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.11.1815
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mercury is a growing environmental threat that can cause serious health problems and birth defects. Household thermometers are high-risk sources of mercury because most people lack the knowledge to properly dispose of one when it is broken. The Boston Public Health Commission's Environmental Health Office, with local ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.12.1997
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, an increasing number of women have been entering the labor force. It is known that in men, employment is related to heart disease risk, but there are few studies examining this association among women. METHODS:The relation between employment status and heart disease risk factors including l...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.2.215
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe has undertaken a large study to evaluate housing and health in 7 European cities. METHODS:Survey tools were used to obtain information about housing and living conditions, health perception, and health status from a representative sample of the popu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1559
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of live births, spontaneous fetal deaths, and induced abortions in residents of Upstate New York ages 12--17 shows that pregnancy rates increased during the period 1971 through 1974. This increase was attributable to pregnancies ending in induced abortion while live births remained relatively stable. White te...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.8.753
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States. Although usually classified as a single ethnic group by researchers, Latinos are heterogeneous from cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic perspectives. From a cultural and social perspective, Latinos represent a wide variety of national origins and ethni...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine trends and socioeconomic disparities for preventable dental-related emergency department (ED) visits in Nevada. METHODS:We pooled retrospective data containing 66 267 ED visits involving dental conditions from Nevada hospital ED databases from 2009 to 2015. The dependent variable was nontraumatic...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304242
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past quarter century has seen an explosion of concern about widening health inequities in the United States and worldwide. These inequities are central to the research mission in 2 arenas of public health: social epidemiology and community-engaged interventions. Yet only modest success has been achieved in elimina...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.140988
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarasota, Fla, used Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles to guide revitalization efforts in its crime-ridden North Trail area. A team of city planners, police officers, and architects examined land use and crime data and sought input from local businesses, residents, and community leaders. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1442
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This psychiatric epidemiology study following the Mount St. Helens volcanic disaster revealed a significant morbidity for psychiatric disorders. The increased prevalence showed a dose response pattern in three population groups. The findings are reported as relative and attributable risk for the two exposed population...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.suppl.76
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the employment experience of 266 individuals one year after traumatic injury severe enough to require hospitalization. Of those working full-time prior to their injury, 56 per cent were employed full-time at one year; an additional 5 per cent were working part-time. Those sustaining a severe head ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.3.329
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined self-reported health status, health behaviors, access to care, and use of preventive services of the US Hispanic adult population to identify language-associated disparities. METHODS:We analyzed 2003 to 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 45 076 Hispanic adults in 23 states...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.119008
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in injection drug users. METHODS:A 6-year prospective study of 790 injection drug users receiving methadone maintenance treatment in the Bronx, NY, was conducted. RESULTS:Sixteen perce...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1112
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) allows high-poverty schools participating in US Department of Agriculture meal programs to offer universal free breakfast and lunch. Authorized as part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, CEP became available to eligible schools nationwide in 2014.Emerging evidence s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305743
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association of household-level stressors with depressive symptoms among low-wage nursing home employees. METHODS:Data were collected in 2006 and 2007 from 452 multiethnic primary and nonprimary wage earners in 4 facilities in Massachusetts. We used logistic regression to estimate the associ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300323
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Family allowances designed to promote maternal and child health and welfare could be self-defeating if they stimulated otherwise unwanted births, as often assumed. That assumption, with its public health and demographic implications, needs testing. An attempt to test it was made in Chile in 1969--1970 through intervie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.10.989
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act became a contentious document in more than 30 states in 2001 and 2002. Controversy has focused on recommendations by the authors of the Model Act that seemed to accord higher priority to collective action in emergencies than to protecting privacy and property. This situation...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.3.397
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to test the efficacy of an intervention that was designed to promote social inclusion and commitment to education, in reducing among students health risk behaviors and improving emotional well-being. METHODS:The design was a cluster-randomized trial in 25 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA), enacted in 2005, grants the firearm industry broad immunity from liability. The PLCAA not only prevents most people from receiving compensation for their firearm-related injuries, it erodes litigation's ability to serve its public health role of providing manufact...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.092544
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Because larger food portions could be contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, this study was designed to weigh samples of marketplace foods, identify historical changes in the sizes of those foods, and compare current portions with federal standards. METHODS:We obtained informat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.2.246
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored an innovative strategy for targeted testing and disease management among immigrant communities at risk for tuberculosis. METHODS:Taxi drivers were recruited at an airport holding lot to undergo tuberculin skin testing (Mantoux). After receiving their test results in a location convenient for the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.019620
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to clarify the possible associations between blood lead level and serum cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in subjects occupationally exposed to lead. METHODS:Levels of blood lead, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.7.1083
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed background characteristics, health status, and prevalence rates of mental health disorders in 2 studies of homeless mothers conducted in Worcester, Mass, one in 1993 and the other in 2003. METHODS:We compared the women taking part in the 2 studies, which involved similar methodologies, on the ke...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.069310
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of feedback and financial incentives on physician compliance with cancer screening guidelines for women 50 years of age and older in a Medicaid health maintenance organization (HMO). METHODS:Half of 52 primary care sites received the intervention, which inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1699
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00