Abstract：
:The enteric nervous system (ENS) forms from the neural crest-derived precursors that colonize the bowel before differentiating into a network of neurons and glia that control intestinal function. Retinoids are essential for normal ENS development, but the role of retinoic acid (RA) metabolism in development remains incompletely understood. Because RA is produced locally in the tissues where it acts by stimulating RAR and RXR receptors, RA signaling during development is absolutely dependent on the rate of RA synthesis and degradation. RA is produced by three different enzymes called retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH1, RALDH2 and RALDH3) that are all expressed in the developing bowel. To determine the relative importance of these enzymes for ENS development, we analyzed whole mount preparations of adult (8-12-week old) myenteric and submucosal plexus stained with NADPH diaphorase (neurons and neurites), anti-TuJ1 (neurons and neurites), anti-HuC/HuD (neurons), and anti-S100β (glia) in an allelic series of mice with mutations in Raldh1, Raldh2, and Raldh3. We found that Raldh1-/-, Raldh2+/-, Raldh3+/- (R1(KO)R2(Het)R3(Het)) mutant mice had a reduced colon myenteric neuron density, reduced colon myenteric neuron to glia ratio, reduced colon submucosal neuron density, and increased colon myenteric fibers per neuron when compared to the wild type (WT; Raldh1WT, Raldh2WT, Raldh3WT) mice. These defects are unlikely to be due to defective ENS precursor migration since R1(KO)R2(Het)R3(KO) mice had increased enteric neuron progenitor migration into the distal colon compared to WT during development. RALDH mutant mice also have reduced contractility in the colon compared to WT mice. These data suggest that RALDH1, RALDH2 and RALDH3 each contribute to ENS development and function.
journal_name
Dev Bioljournal_title
Developmental biologyauthors
Wright-Jin EC,Grider JR,Duester G,Heuckeroth ROdoi
10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
28-37issue
1eissn
0012-1606issn
1095-564Xpii
S0012-1606(13)00338-2journal_volume
381pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The canonical, beta-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway is a crucial player in the early events of Xenopus development. Dorsal axis formation and mesoderm patterning are accepted effects of this pathway, but the regulation of expression of genes involved in mesoderm specification is not. This conclusion is based largely on ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.2002.0786
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A polarity in gap junctional permeability normally exists in 32-cell stage Xenopus embryos, in that dorsal cells are relatively more coupled than ventral cells, as measured by transfer of Lucifer yellow dye. The current study extends our analysis of whether gap junctional permeability at this stage can be modulated by...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(92)90227-8
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-producing beta-cells are present as single cells or in small clusters distributed throughout the pancreas of the Xenopus laevis tadpole. During metamorphic climax when the exocrine pancreas dedifferentiates to progenitor cells, the beta-cells undergo two changes. Insulin mRNA is down regulated at the beginning...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.038
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent to which early differentiation of neurons and muscle cells is autonomous or governed by soluble factors released from other cells has been examined by following development of single cells plated alone in a simple, defined culture medium. The differentiation of electrical excitability and sensitivity to neu...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(86)90173-9
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metamorphosis involves the destruction of larval, the formation of adult and the transformation of larval into adult tissues. In this study, we demonstrate the role of the Drosophila nuclear proteins EAST and Chromator in tissue destruction and remodeling. To better understand the function of east, we performed a yeas...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.05.001
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The finding that retinoic acid (RA) has major effects on pattern formation in developing chick limbs has led to the conclusion that RA plays a central role in the normal development of the limb. In addition, it has been demonstrated that treatment with exogenous RA leads to changes in expression of homeobox-containing...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1994.1301
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myogenic precursors in adult skeletal muscle (satellite cells) are mitotically quiescent but can proliferate in response to a variety of stresses including muscle injury. To gain further understanding of adult myoblasts, we analyzed myogenesis of satellite cells on intact fibers isolated from adult rat muscle. In this...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1994.1226
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In previous studies we found that two glycoproteins of 220 and 180 kDa account for 80-90% of the material dissolved from the vitelline coat (VC) of Unio elongatulus egg (Focarelli and Rosati, 1993). The two glycoproteins were purified by electroelution and used to raise the corresponding polyclonal antibodies. Immunof...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1995.1308
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared insulin binding by heart cells at 7 and 14 days of development. Species specificity, optimum pH, temperature relationships, and time to equilibrium for binding of insulin were the same in both 7 and 14-day systems. Curvilinear Scatchard plots for chicken insulin binding were demonstrated. Binding affi...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(81)90410-3
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the presence of protein kinase C in oocytes of Chaetopterus pergamentaceus and its role in the initiation of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). First, we demonstrated that the oocytes contain a phospholipid- and calcium-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC). Since PKC is the primary intrace...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(92)90294-q
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In neural plate stage Xenopus embryos, XlHbox 8 expression marks anterior endodermal cells fated to develop into pancreas/duodenum, and expression continues in adult pancreas in exocrine duct, acinar, and islet cells. Here, XlHbox 8 is used as a marker in experiments addressing the mechanisms of early endodermal patte...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1995.1275
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulation of cell cycle rate is essential for the correct timing of proliferation and differentiation during development. Changes to cell cycle rate can have profound effects on the size, shape and cell types of a developing organ. We previously identified a zebrafish mutant ceylon (cey) that has a severe reducti...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.024
更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Clotting is critical in limiting hemolymph loss and initiating wound healing in insects as in vertebrates. It is also an important immune defense, quickly forming a secondary barrier to infection, immobilizing bacteria and thereby promoting their killing. However, hemolymph clotting is one of the least understood immu...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.03.019
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cornea is one of the most densely innervated structures of the body. In the developing chicken embryo, nerves from the ophthalmic trigeminal ganglion (OTG) innervate the cornea in a series of spatially and temporally regulated events. However, little is known concerning the signals that regulate these events. Here...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.032
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphogenesis of the vertebrate head relies on proper dorsal-ventral (D-V) patterning of neural crest cells (NCC) within the pharyngeal arches. Endothelin-1 (Edn1)-induced signaling through the endothelin-A receptor (Ednra) is crucial for cranial NCC patterning within the mandibular portion of the first pharyngeal arc...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.003
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A complex regulatory cascade is required for normal cardiac development, and many aspects of this network are conserved from Drosophila to mammals. In Drosophila, the seven-up (svp) gene, an ortholog of the vertebrate chick ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFI and II), is initially activated in ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.025
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of metaphase II-arrested hamster eggs with activators of protein kinase C has been reported to promote resumption of the cell cycle, second polar body emission, and pronucleus formation (G.I. Gallicano, S.M. Schwarz, R.W. McGaughey, and D.G. Capco, 1993, Dev. Biol. 156, 94-106). In contrast, we have not obse...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1995.1233
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Defects in heart development are the most common congenital abnormalities in humans, providing a strong incentive to learn more about the underlying causes. Previous studies have implicated the metalloprotease-disintegrins ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) 17 and 19 as well as heparin binding EGF-like growth f...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.05.004
更新日期：2005-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This work describes unknown aspects of chordotonal organ (ChO) morphogenesis revealed in post-embryonic stages through the use of new fluorescently labeled markers. We show that towards the end of embryogenesis a hitherto unnoticed phase of cell migration commences in which the cap cells of the ventral ChOs elongate a...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.009
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian oocytes are arrested in meiotic prophase from around the time of birth until just before ovulation. Following an extended period of growth, they are stimulated to mature to the metaphase II stage by a preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that occurs with each reproductive cycle. Small, growing oocytes...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.014
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Xenopus, the hatching and cement glands form at important boundaries in the head. We have examined induction of these glands in order to see the basis for this ectodermal patterning. Ectoderm can be induced to form hatching and cement glands by dorsal mesoderm and by the neural plate. Because the neural plate is su...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1993.1183
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the accumulation and adenylation of the maternal mRNA during oogenesis in the oocytes of the marine worm Urechis caupo. The analysis, using in vitro translation and cDNA probes to assay for specific mRNAs, demonstrates that different maternal mRNAs accumulate with different patterns during oogenes...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(86)90347-7
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that sperm nuclear decondensation and male pronuclear formation during hamster fertilization depend upon the ability of the fertilized oocyte to reduce sperm nuclear disulfide bonds. In a first series of experiments, treatment of mature oocytes with the sulfhydryl blo...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(84)90126-x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stability of sexual phenotype was examined in a single clone of Hydra oligactis males maintained at two culture temperatures, 18 and 22 degrees C. At these temperatures animals of this species do not reproduce sexually, but reproduce asexually by budding, and males and females are morphologically indistinguishable...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(86)90311-8
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Octopamine is a major monoamine in invertebrates and affects many physiological processes ranging from energy metabolism to complex behaviors. Octopamine binds to receptors located on various cell types and activates distinct signal transduction pathways to produce these diverse effects. We previously identified one o...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.07.018
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The left-right body axis is coordinately aligned with the orthogonal dorsoventral and anterioposterior body axes. The developmental mechanisms that regulate axis coordination are unknown. Here it is shown that the cardiac left-right orientation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is randomized in notochord-defective no tail an...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1996.0148
更新日期：1996-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports a preliminary in silico analysis of the sea urchin kinome. The predicted protein kinases in the sea urchin genome were identified, annotated and classified, according to both function and kinase domain taxonomy. The results show that the sea urchin kinome, consisting of 353 protein kinases, is close...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.074
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The myelin of the peripheral nervous system from the shiverer mutant mice is characterized by the absence of myelin basic protein, while the other myelin protein components are present at normal levels. Myelin lamella formation is normal in the shiverer mutant. Therefore, by using antiserum against myelin basic protei...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(84)90277-x
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P19 embryonal carcinoma cells are multipotential stem cells that differentiate into striated muscle as well as some other cell types when aggregated and exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Immunofluorescence experiments using monospecific antibodies indicated that the majority of muscle cells were mononucleate and c...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0012-1606(90)90202-t
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using DiI fluorescent dextrans, we have created fate maps of the neural plate and early neural tube describing the extent of progenitor cell dispersal and the spatial origin of morphologically distinct neuronal cell types along the dorsoventral axis of the developing chick spinal cord. Nonuniform dispersal and mixing ...
journal_title：Developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/dbio.1998.8912
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
