Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Mammalian epidermis has two diffusion barriers, the stratum corneum (SC) and tight junctions (TJs). We reported previously that a single living cell layer exists between the SC and TJ-forming keratinocytes in mice; however, the exact location of the TJ barrier in human epidermis has not been defined. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the precise distribution of epidermal TJs in relation to various cell-cell junction proteins and the SC and to clarify the barrier function of TJs against macromolecules in human skin. METHODS:The localization of various junctional proteins was investigated in human skin sections and in the roofs of bullae formed by ex vivo exfoliative toxin (ET) treatment in three dimensions. ET and single-chain variable fragments (scFv) against desmoglein 1 were used as large diffusion probes. RESULTS:Human stratum granulosum (SG) cells have a distinct distribution of TJ, adherens junction, and desmosome proteins in the uppermost three layers (SG1-SG3 from the surface inward). Ex vivo injection of ET or scFv demonstrated that only SG2-SG2 junctions function as a TJ barrier, limiting the inside-out diffusion of these proteins. The roofs of bullae formed by ex vivo ET treatment consisted of SC, SG1 cells, and TJ-forming SG2 cells, probably mimicking bulla formation in bullous impetigo. CONCLUSION:Human epidermis has three SG cell layers with distinct properties just beneath the SC, of which only SG2 cells have functional TJs. Our results suggest that human epidermal TJs between SG2 cells form a paracellular diffusion barrier against soluble proteins, including immunoglobulins and bacterial toxins.
journal_name
J Dermatol Scijournal_title
Journal of dermatological scienceauthors
Yoshida K,Yokouchi M,Nagao K,Ishii K,Amagai M,Kubo Adoi
10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
89-99issue
2eissn
0923-1811issn
1873-569Xpii
S0923-1811(13)00141-2journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an acquired inflammatory mucocutaneous disease affecting the anogenital area, characterized histologically by hyalinosis and thickened vessel walls in the dermis. The presence of serum autoantibodies against extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in LS patients may suggest its involve...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.06.010
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Our previous research has indicated that Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) plays a role in the regulation of TNF-α-induced inflammation; however, whether Sirt1 may inhibit the progress of SSc by blocking inflammation remains ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.04.013
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of beta-carotene, lutein or astaxanthin to protect against UVA-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK) was assessed. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured as indices ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(97)00058-3
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the production of superantigenic exotoxins in 136 coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from various skin lesions in humans using a reversed passive latex agglutination test (Denka Seiken). As a control we examined the same in 50 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from non-infective skin ulcers in ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(00)00122-5
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dry skin causes pruritus and discomfort in patients with xerosis and atopic dermatitis. General treatment for skin dryness involves the topical application of an emollient. However, more effective, simpler therapies are desired. Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is a highly purified, non-antigenic, low-allergenic co...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.02.004
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cisplatin is a potent anticancer drug for treating melanoma. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using liposomes, for intratumoral distribution in a melanoma, composed of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), for its cytotoxicity. METHOD:The in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxic...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.12.011
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by demarcated, raised, and scaling skin lesions. It often serves as a model for immune-mediated disorders. Gene expression profiling of affected skin has allowed insights into psoriasis pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms leading to specific mRNA ex...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.11.003
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rutin, due to its polyphenolic structure, has antioxidant properties and can be used as a cytoprotective compound against UV-induced effects on skin cells. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rutin on proteomic profile in human skin fibroblasts irradiated with UV dose that induces a...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.002
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ) comprises a multiprotein complex that aids the attachment of epidermal keratinocytes to the underlying dermis. In the last 5 years, our understanding of epidermal BMZ morphology, structure and function has dramatically improved. A complex network of molecular interactions has...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(03)00045-8
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are likely involved in pathological processes of immune-related diseases, including psoriasis, because of their immunoregulatory and pro-angiogenic effects. DNA methylation plays an essential role in regulating gene expression and maintaining cell function. OBJECTIVE:This study...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.002
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We recently reported use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating keloid disease (KD). However, in view of high recurrence rates post any treatment modality, adjuvant therapies should be considered. Additionally, we previously demonstrated the effect of a novel electrical waveform, the degenerate wave (DW)...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.08.012
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stratum corneum samples obtained from 46 members in three generations of seven families were analyzed for keratin pattern by gel electrophoresis. All these samples of apparently normal upper arm skin expressed the 55 kDa, 56.5 kDa, and 65 kDa keratin proteins; while only 28%, 20% and 48% of the samples expressed the 5...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-1811(90)90118-w
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We sometimes encounter difficulties in assessing the severity of pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) using currently available biomarkers such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) due to the higher baseline values in non-AD children. Recent case control studies have indicated the usefulness of sq...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.07.005
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Congenital ichthyoses (CIs) adversely affect quality of life (QOL) in patients. However, the effects of CIs on patient QOL have not been studied sufficiently. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between disease severity and QOL in patients with harlequin ichthyosis (HI) and ichthyosis: syndromic forms ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.08.008
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracted human terminal and vellus hair follicles were prepared by EDTA and examined by light and electron microscopes. These samples were morphologically well preserved and enabled us to observe 3-dimensional (3-D) views of the outer surfaces of hair follicles. Interestingly, the bulge areas of terminal and vellus h...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-1811(94)90030-2
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced mitochondrial damage aggravates oxidative stress and activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to mediate melanocyte death. However, the repair mechanisms underlying damaged mitochondria of melanocytes remain unclear. Accumulative evidence has revealed that the aryl hydr...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.09.001
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The integrity of the epidermis depends on the cohesion between keratinocytes, and desmosomes are the main adhesion structures. When cells become cornified, desmosomes are modified and transformed into corneodesmosomes. Mutations in the genes encoding desmosomal components underlie several skin diseases including palmo...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.005
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasculature in adult skin remains normally quiescent, due to the dominant influence of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors over angiogenic stimuli. However, skin retains the capacity for brisk initiation of angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, during tissue repair and in numerous ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(00)00145-6
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The percutaneous absorption studies were performed using a flow-through diffusion cell system with skin specimens from 24 healthy women to assess the penetration of glycolic acid (GA). Percentages of GA, based on 14C-labelled activity, found in the skin after application of 4% GA at pH 2.0 or pH 3.8, after 2...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(98)00039-5
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Main pathway in human melanocytes through which signal from the melanocortin system reaches the melanogenesis enzymes is cAMP/PKA pathway and it is modulated by Wnt and MAPK pathways. In our previous study we established significant increase of melanocortin receptor expression in unaffected skin of vitiligo ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.03.013
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The capacity of photosensitizing chemicals with ultraviolet A light (UVA) to induce apoptosis is one of the methods to assess their phototoxic and potentially photoallergic properties, since apoptotic cells may be easily presented by antigen-presenting cells. OBJECTIVES:We examined the photoaggravated abili...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.10.010
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The molecular pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides (MF) is currently poorly understood. The chemokine receptor CCR7 has been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of certain cancers, but its role in MF has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVES:We seek to determine whether CCR7 is expres...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.12.003
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a member of the DExH/D box family proteins and designated as a putative RNA helicase, which plays various roles in gene expression and cellular functions in response to a variety of RNA viruses. OBJECTIVE:The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.11.003
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial lymphatics of the human skin do not possess a basal lamina, but a subendothelial fibrous network, of which we do not know the biochemical and immunohistological composition. We investigated the wall of blood vessels and initial lymphatics in normal human skin for the presence of fibronectin by immunoelectr...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-1811(92)90060-o
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitiligo and halo nevus are two common T-cell-mediated skin disorders. Although autoimmunity has been suggested to be involved in both diseases, the relationship between vitiligo and halo nevus is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the current study was to investigate whether vitiligo and halo nevus...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.008
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chemokines and their receptors are important elements for the selective attraction and activation of various subsets of leukocytes. Expression of CXCR3 ligands, such as monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) leads to preferential Th1 recruitment, whereas CCR4 ligands, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.01.001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine cancer of the skin postulated to originate through Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncogenesis and/or by mutations in molecules implicated in the regulation of cell growth and survival. Despite the fact that MCPvV is detected more broadly within the population...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.002
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CC-chemokine TARC is known to be a ligand for the CCR4 receptor which in turn is known to be expressed selectively on the Th(2)-subset of lymphocytes. Atopic dermatitis is generally believed to be a Th(2)-type disease, and TARC has been shown to be expressed in the skin lesions of a murine model of AD. IL-10 is an...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(00)00160-2
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using fetal rat keratinizing epidermal cells (FRSK cells) we investigated the effects of retinoids on the cyclic AMP system. The beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase response was significantly decreased by the treatment of cells with 1 x 10(-6) M Ro 10-1670. The effect was observed by 12 h and remained for at least 48 h....
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0923-1811(93)90080-9
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperpigmentation is aesthetic undesirable. Sesamol and the standard antimelanogenic agent (kojic acid) were shown to hinder melanogenesis by blocking tyrosinase and reducing melanin content. OBJECTIVE:The FTIR microspectroscopy was used in an attempt to find a novel method to define biological alternation ...
journal_title:Journal of dermatological science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.002
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00