Abstract：
:This investigation was designed to (a) develop an individualized mechanical model for measuring aerodynamic drag (F(d) ) while ski racing through multiple gates, (b) estimate energy dissipation (E(d) ) caused by F(d) and compare this to the total energy loss (E(t) ), and (c) investigate the relative contribution of E(d) /E(t) to performance during giant slalom skiing (GS). Nine elite skiers were monitored in different positions and with different wind velocities in a wind tunnel, as well as during GS and straight downhill skiing employing a Global Navigation Satellite System. On the basis of the wind tunnel measurements, a linear regression model of drag coefficient multiplied by cross-sectional area as a function of shoulder height was established for each skier (r > 0.94, all P < 0.001). Skiing velocity, F(d) , E(t) , and E(d) per GS turn were 15-21 m/s, 20-60 N, -11 to -5 kJ, and -2.3 to -0.5 kJ, respectively. E(d) /E(t) ranged from ∼5% to 28% and the relationship between E(t) /v(in) and E(d) was r = -0.12 (all NS). In conclusion, (a) F(d) during alpine skiing was calculated by mechanical modeling, (b) E(d) made a relatively small contribution to E(t) , and (c) higher relative E(d) was correlated to better performance in elite GS skiers, suggesting that reducing ski-snow friction can improve this performance.
journal_name
Scand J Med Sci Sportsjournal_title
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sportsauthors
Supej M,Saetran L,Oggiano L,Ettema G,Šarabon N,Nemec B,Holmberg HCdoi
10.1111/sms.12007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
e38-47issue
1eissn
0905-7188issn
1600-0838journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:Sports and physical activity are becoming more important and more emphasized in the lives of the average person as the health benefits of maintaining an active lifestyle are recognized. In the past most people were primarily active in sports during their time in school. The trend is for more people to continue vigorou...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00125.x
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of a 2-week overload period immediately followed by a 1-week taper period on different cognitive processes including executive and nonexecutive functions, and related heart rate variability. Eleven male endurance athletes increased their usual training volume by...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01465.x
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the blood pressure lowering effects of a bout of exercise and/or antihypertensive medicine with the goal of studying if exercise could substitute or enhance pharmacologic hypertension treatment. Twenty-three hypertensive metabolic syndrome patients chronically medicated with angiotensin II receptor 1 blocka...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.13218
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main object of this study was to explore different dimensions of the stress experience and the following coping efforts among elite athletes. Sixty-nine Norwegian Winter Olympic athletes, competing in the Lille-hammer Games in 1994 participated in the study. Recall of the most stressful experiences was reported th...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00190.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This pilot trial explores the feasibility of measuring muscle contractile properties in patients with cancer, effects of exercise during chemotherapy on muscle contractile properties and the association between changes in contractile muscle properties and perceived fatigue. METHOD:Patients who received (neo...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.13758
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atypical running gait biomechanics are considered a primary factor in the etiology of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). However, a general consensus on the underpinning kinematic differences between runners with and without ITBS is yet to be reached. This lack of consensus may be due in part to three issues: gender dif...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12394
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of caffeine ingestion on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty-one studies with 109 effect sizes (ESs) met the inclusion criteria. Coding incorporated RPE scores obtained both during constant load exercise (n=89) and upon term...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00445.x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study examined the impact of a multicomponent physical activity (PA) intervention (MOVI-KIDS) on improving cognition in schoolchildren. This paper also analyzed the mediator role of motor fitness between MOVI-KIDS and cognition. METHODS:Propensity score analysis of data from a cluster randomized cont...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.13383
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemoglobin data have been available from ski teams beginning from 1987, and from 1989 to 1999 we have followed hemoglobin values in elite cross-country skiers in international competitions. The mean values at the 1989 World Nordic Ski Championships were lower than population reference values, as would be expected from...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010002098.x
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Physical inactivity is hypothesized to be a contributing factor in the development of a variety of diseases. Recommendations for an adequate level of physical activity have been proposed. There are few studies in which the physical activity in children has been objectively assessed. The purpose of this stu...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00486.x
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present special issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports deals with health and fitness benefits of regular participation in small-sided football games. One review article and 13 original articles were the result of a 2-year multi-center study in Copenhagen and Zurich and include studies of dif...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01106.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skyscraper running is here analyzed in terms of mechanical and metabolic requirements, both at the general and at the individual level. Skyscraper runners' metabolic profile has been inferred from the total mechanical power estimated in 36 world records (48-421 m tall buildings), ranked by gender and age range. Indivi...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01043.x
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite abundance of fat, exclusive dependency on fat oxidation can only sustain a metabolic rate corresponding to 50-60% of VO(2max) in humans. This puzzling finding has been subject to intense research for many years. Lately, it has gained renewed interest as a consequence of increased obesity and physical inactivit...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.381.x
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Achilles tendinopathy is a highly prevalent sports injury. Animal studies show a growth response in tendons in response to loading in the immature phase but not after puberty maturation. The aim of this investigation was to examine the structural and material properties in long distance runners who were either physica...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12143
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of a 12-week program of Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE), administered before or after football training, upon eccentric hamstring strength, muscle activity, and architectural adaptations. Amateur soccer players were randomized into three groups. The control group (CON; n=11) undertook core sta...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.12925
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a football match played in warm (34.3 ± 0.6 °C), humid (64 ± 2% rh) conditions, 22 male players had their pre-match hydration status, body mass change, sweat loss and drinking behavior assessed. Pre-match urine specific gravity (1.012 ± 0.006) suggested that all but three players commenced the match euhydrated....
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01218.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of elevated homocysteine (Hcy) as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease is continuously under debate. Lifestyle factors may increase the total Hcy (tHcy) level of the plasma, but there are no consistent findings relating to Hcy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cross-sectional measur...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00674.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autonomic dysfunction decreases within-subject correlation between R-R interval length (RRi) and vagally mediated RRi variability in cardiac disease. We tested the hypothesis that overtraining syndrome (OTS) may also weaken this relationship. Nine OTS and 10 control endurance athletes underwent 24-h electrocardiogram ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12114
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercising at different intensities over 7 weeks on components of physical fitness and CVD risk factors. Forty-seven boys and 10 girls, (16.4±0.7 years of age) were divided into a moderate, high intensity, or a control group. All participants had indices of obesi...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01303.x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interval aerobic training programs (IATP) improve cardiorespiratory and endurance parameters. They are, however, unsuitable to seniors as frequently associated with occurrence of exhaustion and muscle pain. The purpose of this study was to measure the benefits of an IATP designed with recovery bouts (IATP-R) in terms ...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/sms.13257
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a whey protein- and carbohydrate (CHO)-enriched diet on the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis after a soccer match was examined. Sixteen elite soccer players were randomly assigned to a group ingesting a diet rich in carbohydrates and whey protein [CHO, protein, and fat content was 71, 21, and 8E%, res...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01418.x
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to evaluate the associations between muscular fitness and inflammatory biomarkers and to investigate the relationship between muscular fitness and selected clustered inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents (267 girls) aged 12-18 years. Handgrip s...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12805
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of quadriceps femoris muscle portions and fibre type recruitment was studied during submaximal knee-extensor exercise without and with thigh occlusion (OCC) and compared with responses during intense exercise. Six healthy male subjects performed 90-s of moderate exercise without (MOD; 29+/-4 W) and wit...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00801.x
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relaxin is a hormone structurally related to insulin and insulin-like growth factor, which exerts its regulatory effect on the musculoskeletal and other systems through binding to its receptor in various tissues, mediated by different signaling pathways. Relaxin alters the properties of cartilage and tendon by activat...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/sms.12149
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different types of exercise are characterized by the ability to induce specific physiological stimuli that might be able to induce the mobilization of progenitor cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in r...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12320
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elite athletes often find themselves in a dilemma between maintaining optimal health to be successful and accepting health risks by pushing their physical limits. For elite adolescent athletes, this dilemma becomes a trilemma as they are also confronted with developmental challenges typical for adolescence. As many ad...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01472.x
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study focused on identifying the most important factors determining performance in elite-level air rifle shooting technique. Forty international- and national-level shooters completed a simulated air rifle shooting competition series. From a total of 13 795 shots in 319 tests, shooting score and 17 aiming point t...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/sms.12440
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To compare the effects of three 7-week interval training programs varying in work period duration but matched for effort in trained recreational cyclists. Thirty-five cyclists (29 male, 6 female, VO(2peak) 52 ± 6 mL kg/min) were randomized to four training groups with equivalent training the previous 2 months (∼6 h/wk...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01351.x
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate how heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (LA) concentrations are associated with perceived readiness ratings (PRR) to begin a new run during recovery after four different intensity steady-state 2000 m runs in college-level male middle-distance runners (n=15). A typical 4x2000 m ru...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010001033.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objective was to systematically review the scientific literature about the effects of exergame-based interventions on musculoskeletal pain, as well as to provide directions for the clinical practice. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases following PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion crit...
journal_title：Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/sms.12899
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
