Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Many clinicians and decision makers want to know the combined effects of treatments that have not been evaluated in combination. It is possible to determine such treatment effects by making assumptions about the additive effects. We discuss here the prerequisites and methods of applying additivity assumptions in synthesizing the evidence from randomized trials and multiple treatment meta-analyses. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using statistical approaches, we demonstrate the utility of additivity of both pairwise randomized trials and multiple treatment comparison meta-analyses. RESULTS:We present illustratively an example on estimating the treatment effects of drug combinations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We confirm the additive treatment effects by comparing with direct combination treatment trial results. CONCLUSION:Additive effects may be a useful tool to estimate the effectiveness of treatment combinations.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Mills EJ,Thorlund K,Ioannidis JPdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.07.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-12-01 00:00:00pages
1282-8issue
12eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(12)00236-3journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:The Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA-WIS) is a promising prognostic tool for future work disability outcomes. Rasch analysis was conducted to examine the psychometric performance of the RA-WIS in work-related upper limb disorders. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Eligible injured workers (n=396) a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.002
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The probability of a disease, given the result of two diagnostic tests, can be calculated by multiplying the odds of disease after the first test by the likelihood ratio of the second test. OBJECTIVE:To illustrate the error that occurs when calculating disease probability by combining the results of tests t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.04.010
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine eligibility for a (randomized) clinical trial, measuring the inclusion and exclusion criteria can be extended over a period of time. During this period, known as the selection period, a patient is repeatedly examined at certain time intervals. This study describes an approach for optimizing the efficiency...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00069-3
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The uptake of research findings into routine health care is a haphazard and unpredictable process. The usefulness of the results of implementation studies is limited, due in part to the lack of an underlying framework of the important dimensions of research studies in this area and the healthcare settings wit...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.002
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Event monitoring was first suggested 25 years ago as a way of detecting adverse reactions to drugs. Prescription-event monitoring (PEM), which has been developed by the Drug Safety Research Unit, is the first large-scale systematic post-marketing surveillance method to use event monitoring in the U.K. PEM identifies p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90140-k
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the relationship between characteristics of stroke victims and the risk of early death from coronary or cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) among their children. For each of 55 stroke patients selected from a registry which enrolled patients between 1969 and 1973, an index of their progeny's survival was calcul...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90055-t
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to identify factors affecting the use of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, specifically authors' attitudes toward and experiences with it. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:An online survey was distributed to authors of observa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.019
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective study on the effects of occupational and individual factors on neck trouble was carried out among 1832 men representing static work with whole-body vibration (machine operators), dynamic physical work (construction carpenters) and sedentary work (office workers). Neck trouble and occupational and individ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90085-x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:N-of-1 trials can be aggregated to estimate population treatment effects using hierarchical Bayesian models. It is very important to report core items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis. In this study, we assessed reporting of items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis for aggregating N-of-1 trials to estimate p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.023
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyze whether differences between the interval from suspicion or clinical diagnosis to treatment onset (IClinDT) and the interval from certainty diagnosis to treatment onset (ICertDT) varied by tumor site, stage, and mode of hospital admission. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From our hospital cancer registry...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.018
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of variability in menstrual function has not been adequately described or quantified across the reproductive life span. This article evaluates the applicability of the bipartite model approach to the analysis of menstrual data and the relative importance of within-woman variability across the reproductive l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00202-4
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare and contrast clinical epidemiology and population health perspectives on the role of health care in reducing socioeconomic disparities in health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A review of concepts outlined in selected articles on population health and clinical epidemiology and a systematic literature s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.020
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Novel cancer therapies are often approved with evidence from a single pivotal trial alone. There are concerns about the credibility of this evidence. Higher validity may be indicated by five methodological and statistical characteristics of pivotal trial evidence that were described by the U.S....
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.033
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional data from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study were used to examine the relationships between waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR) and the presence of diabetes complications in IDDM adults ages 18-45 years (N = 586). Significantly higher WHRs were observed among both genders with prolifer...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90291-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A visible result of the 20-year old applied ethics movement is the use of moral philosophers as quotable newspaper sources. In situations like the op-ed page, adequate space and time allows for serious reflection, and the columns provide accessible, quality ideas for the general public. Quality usually disappears wh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90058-u
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Apgar score is widely used for several purposes: to discriminate between infants who require resuscitation at birth and those who do not; to predict outcome; and to evaluate change in the condition of the newly born over the first minutes of life. Using published evidence of its clinical reliability and validity, ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90100-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Findings from nonrandomized studies on safety or efficacy of treatment in patient subgroups may trigger postlaunch randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In the analysis of such RCTs, results from nonrandomized studies are typically ignored. This study explores the trade-off between bias and power of Bayesian RC...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.015
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas over the last decade epidemiologic studies on exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC) continued to show a remarkable heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria applied to define caseness, the actual magnitude and consequences of misclassification remain largely unexplored. The objectives were: (1) to estimate the degree of...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90123-6
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical correlates of advanced retinopathy were determined in a sample of 427 type II diabetic outpatients, aged 35 to 74 years, recruited in eight centers from all parts of France. The presence of retinopathy was assessed by fluorescein angiography with centralized interpretation. Advanced retinopathy (prolifera...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00582-x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the performance of diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation by the computer program MEANS and by research physicians, compared to cardiologists, in a physician-based study. To establish a strategy for ECG interpretation in health surveys, we also studied the diagnostic capacity of three scenarios:...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00100-5
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Associations of baseline one-hour postload plasma glucose with 22-year coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all cause mortality were assessed in five age-specific cohorts of nondiabetic men and women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry: 10,269 men ages 18-39 years; ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00201-1
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder of unknown cause, characterized by activation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS) is a multicenter study designed to determine the etiology of sarcoidosis. The study organization includes 10 Clinical Centers, a Clinica...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00142-0
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quality of life and functional health were measured cross-sectionally for 314 adult ambulatory primary care patients in a rural clinic and found to be much better for patients with low severity of illness who required no confinement to home because of health problems, than for patients with high severity of illness wh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90171-i
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Researchers need to be confident about the reliability of epidemiologic studies that quantify medication use through self-report. Some evidence suggests that psychiatric medications are systemically under-reported. Modern record linkage enables validation of self-report with national prescribing data as gold...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.013
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of utilizing the N-of-1 method for deprescribing trials in older adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Systematic review of any human studies conducted in older adults (≥50 years), deprescribing any long-term treatment over less than a year using the...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.09.015
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To determine the accuracy of recently introduced International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) procedure and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes designed for injection or infusion of thrombolytic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We determined the accuracy of ICD-9 procedu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.004
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Hospital mortality outcomes for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are a focus of quality improvement programs conducted by government agencies. AMI mortality risk-adjustment models using administrative data typically adjust for baseline differences in mortality risk with a limited set of common and d...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.05.014
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess agreement between parents' proxy reports of children's respiratory-related health service use and administrative data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective analysis of statistical agreement between clinical and claims data for reports of physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and h...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.02.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cases and controls should be chosen from the same base population to reduce selection bias in case-control studies. For hospital cases, we examined how inferences drawn from a case-control study can differ by choice of hospital- vs. community-based controls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We used data from a case...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.006
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
