Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:We review the uses of electronic health care data algorithms, measures of their accuracy, and reasons for prioritizing one measure of accuracy over another. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We use real studies to illustrate the variety of uses of automated health care data in epidemiologic and health services research. Hypothetical examples show the impact of different types of misclassification when algorithms are used to ascertain exposure and outcome. RESULTS:High algorithm sensitivity is important for reducing the costs and burdens associated with the use of a more accurate measurement tool, for enhancing study inclusiveness, and for ascertaining common exposures. High specificity is important for classifying outcomes. High positive predictive value is important for identifying a cohort of persons with a condition of interest but that need not be representative of or include everyone with that condition. Finally, a high negative predictive value is important for reducing the likelihood that study subjects have an exclusionary condition. CONCLUSION:Epidemiologists must often prioritize one measure of accuracy over another when generating an algorithm for use in their study. We recommend researchers publish all tested algorithms-including those without acceptable accuracy levels-to help future studies refine and apply algorithms that are well suited to their objectives.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Chubak J,Pocobelli G,Weiss NSdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.09.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
343-349.e2issue
3eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(11)00278-2journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships between study quality, author prestige, journal impact factors, and citation rates of trials and to examine whether journal impact factors mediated the relationships between study quality and author prestige on citation rates. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We used bibliometric data fr...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.028
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Systematic reviews (SRs) are convenient summaries of evidence for health care practitioners. They form a basis for clinical practice guidelines and suggest directions for new research. SRs are most helpful if they are current; however, most of them are not being updated. This SR summarizes strategies and meth...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.008
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS:The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Independently, a Delphi group of ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.008
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a conceptual model to describe the burden of osteoarthritis in individuals with this condition and on the broader community. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Six concept mapping workshops were undertaken: three with patients (n = 26) and three with health professionals (n = 27) in Australia and Sweden. Th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.012
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A truly international and systematic review (SR) identifies and synthesizes relevant evidence regardless of the geographical provenance or language of publication. Despite recommendations, international SRs continue to exclude papers in languages other than English (LOE) at searching, screening, and analysis phases ei...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to examine the time from publication of the protocol for a Cochrane review to publication of the Cochrane review for the entire Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Cochrane reviews from the CDSR published between 1995 and 2019 were assessed...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.011
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Adding risk factors to a prediction model often increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) only slightly, particularly when the AUC of the model was already high. We investigated whether a risk factor that minimally improves the AUC may nevertheless improve the predictive abili...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.002
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecological studies may reduce the problem of confounding by indication; however, these studies introduce new biases not present in individual-level analyses. To study the potential for ecological variables to reduce confounding by indication, we used a large database of admissions for ruptured cerebral aneurysms to ev...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00251-1
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is becoming increasingly important in light of recent findings that interventions during and shortly after pregnancy can reduce the rates of vertical transmission. The ability of patients to accurately self-report previous HIV ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00301-0
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine what criteria researchers use to assess whether the estimates of effect of an intervention on a dichotomous outcome are different when obtained using different study designs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Scoping review of the literature. We included studies of dichotomous outcomes in which authors ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.001
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The microbial flora on the surfaces of 15 books obtained from a public library and from 15 books obtained from a family household were studied. Staphylococcus epidermidis was recovered from 4 of the library books and 3 of the family household books. The number of organisms per page was between one to four. This data i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90103-1
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this paper was to evaluate the combined effect of alcohol, smoking habits and frequency of consumption of selected dietary items, which are the major sources of retinoids and beta-carotene in the Italian diet, on the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The adequacy of the multiplicative structure for describing...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90035-l
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that patients with a positive family history of lung cancer did not exhibit characteristics expected if the familial association was a surrogate for a genetic mechanism which was absent in those without such a history. In this study, we examine the incidence of cancer (all sites) in two groups...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90202-k
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how often the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has authorized drugs based on nonrandomized studies and whether there is an association between treatment effects and EMA preference for further testing in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We revie...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.011
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of nonrespondents and late respondents in a population-based case-control study on lung cancer conducted in the city of Turin (Italy). Information about demographic and socioeconomic variables of 634 cases and 859 controls who responded to an interview, as we...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00455-9
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed validity and reliability of data on four serious pregnancy complications and gestational age in two national registers, the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the National Register of Hospital Discharges (NRHD). From a cohort of all women in Denmark who gave birth to their first and second singleton infant i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(96)00018-2
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measuring the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs poses both conceptual and practical challenges. We compared several standardized outcome measures with goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess their sensitivity to changes in health status in patients undergoing cognitive rehabilitation. GAS is a measure...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00014-0
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraindividual variability (IIV) in total cholesterol levels based on measurements taken 1 week apart is compared with an estimate based on measurements taken 2 years apart. Single-subject 95% confidence intervals around the mean of two repeated measurements were Xi +/- 21 and +/- 28 mg/dl, respectively, and Xi +/- 3...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90115-h
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The impact of disease on population health is most commonly estimated by the population attributable fraction (PAF), or less commonly by the excess risk, an alternative measure that estimates the absolute risk of disease in the population that can be ascribed to the exposure. Using chronic airflow obstructio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.020
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but little information is available regarding recent secular trends for PE. This study determined trends for PE in adults ages 30 to 84 years in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 1980 to 1995. The age-adjusted mortality rate for PE decre...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00147-x
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonresponse and methods of data collection could affect satisfaction measurement. The goal of this study was to estimate the impact of (1) nonresponse and (2) distribution method on evaluation of patient satisfaction in a mail-back study measuring patient opinion of medical and nursing care. The study was conducted in...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00387-0
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the 1986-1997 mortality in a cohort of 2065 residents of an Italian municipality which had been exposed to drinking water with a high content of inorganic selenium over a long period of time, and compared it with mortality in the remainder of the municipal population. Mortality from malignant neoplasms inc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00233-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Meta-analyses sometimes summarize results in the presence of substantial unexplained between-study heterogeneity. As GRADE criteria highlight, unexplained heterogeneity reduces certainty in the evidence, resulting in limited confidence in average effect estimates. The aim of this paper is to p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.11.023
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Treatments may be more effective in some patients than others, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized trials provides perhaps the best method of investigating treatment-covariate interactions. Various methods are used; we provide a comprehensive critique and develop guidance on meth...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.11.016
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Explicit reporting of absolute measures is important to ensure treatment effects are correctly interpreted. We examined the extent to which authors report absolute effects for patient-important outcomes in abstracts of systematic review (SR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched OVID MEDLINE and Cochrane Da...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.08.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to describe and compare current practices in developing guidelines about the use of healthcare-related tests and diagnostic strategies (HCTDS). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We sampled 37 public health and clinical practice guidelines about HCTDS from various sources without langua...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.09.004
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contacts with health services like hospitals or general practitioners are usually the only available proxy measure of incidence of disease in studies based on secondary data and differential referrals or care-seeking behavior often bias such proxy measures. In former analyses based on the Occupational Hospitalization ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00554-4
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate how decision analytic models (DAMs) can be used to quantify impact of using a (diagnostic or prognostic) prediction model in clinical practice and provide general guidance on how to perform such assessments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A DAM was developed to assess the impact of using the HEART s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.010
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study developed and validated a multidimensional measure of dyspepsia. A questionnaire was administered to 126 patients with dyspepsia who presented for care at a VA outpatient clinic and a family physician's private office. Dyspepsia-specific health was measured by self-report using: (1) an existing dyspepsia sc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00245-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
