Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Explicit reporting of absolute measures is important to ensure treatment effects are correctly interpreted. We examined the extent to which authors report absolute effects for patient-important outcomes in abstracts of systematic review (SR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched OVID MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify eligible SRs published in the year 2010. Citations were stratified into Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews, with repeated random sampling in a 1:1 ratio. Paired reviewers screened articles and recorded abstract characteristics, including reporting of effect measures for the most patient-important outcomes of benefit and harm. RESULTS:We included 96 Cochrane and 94 non-Cochrane reviews. About 117 (77.5%) relative measures were reported in abstracts for outcomes of benefit, whereas only 34 (22.5%) absolute measures were reported. Similarly, for outcomes of harm, 41 (87.2%) relative measures were provided in abstracts, compared with only 6 (12.8%) absolute measures. Eighteen (9.5%) abstracts reported both absolute and relative measures for outcomes of benefit, whereas only two (1.1%) abstracts reported both measures for outcomes of harm. Results were similar between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews. CONCLUSION:SR abstracts seldom report measures of absolute effect. Journal editors should insist that authors report both relative and absolute effects for patient-important outcomes.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Agarwal A,Johnston BC,Vernooij RW,Carrasco-Labra A,Brignardello-Petersen R,Neumann I,Akl EA,Sun X,Briel M,Busse JW,Ebrahim S,Granados CE,Iorio A,Irfan A,Martínez García L,Mustafa RA,Ramirez-Morera A,Selva A,Solà I,Sdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.08.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-12eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(16)30358-4journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:To review James Jackson's analysis of bloodletting among pneumonitis patients at the newly founded Massachusetts General Hospital, in which he implemented the numerical method advocated by Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The study sample included 34 cases of clinically diagnosed pne...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.10.013
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas over the last decade epidemiologic studies on exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC) continued to show a remarkable heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria applied to define caseness, the actual magnitude and consequences of misclassification remain largely unexplored. The objectives were: (1) to estimate the degree of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90123-6
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Regression discontinuity (RD) is a quasi-experimental design that may provide valid estimates of treatment effects in case of continuous outcomes. We aimed to evaluate validity and precision in the RD design for dichotomous outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We performed validation studies in three large ran...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.015
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In a twinning partnership between the Canadian Society for International Health and Kazakhstan's Ministry of Health, a project to build capacity and a process for the adaptation and implementation of international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was undertaken. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A pragmatic CPG a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.001
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of gender and other clinical variables on short-term and long-term cardiac mortality after a first transmural myocardial infarction (MI) was assessed in a population-based hospital register. A cohort of 1216 consecutive patients (1023 men and 193 women), 25-74 years old admitted to the only reference hospit...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90016-7
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain a relatively true mortality from malignant neoplasms, we studied the frequency of cancers in the different sites and the changing patterns of the frequency and sites over time among residents of the community of Hisayama, where an autopsy-based population survey (autopsy rate, 80%) has been conducted since 1...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00560-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In the absence of trial results that are applicable to the target population, nested case-control studies might be an alternative to full-cohort analysis. We compared relative and absolute estimates of associations in an influenza vaccine study using both designs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data from elderly p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.01.019
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To characterize the impact of multiple Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews on multicenter observational research studies, and identify strategies for overcoming the identified challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using PubMed, we identified empirical studies, anecdotal reports, and opinion ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.018
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To revise 2010 guidance on grading the strength of evidence (SOE) of the effectiveness of drugs, devices, and other preventive and therapeutic interventions in systematic reviews produced by the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program, established by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AH...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.023
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the performance of diagnostic electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation by the computer program MEANS and by research physicians, compared to cardiologists, in a physician-based study. To establish a strategy for ECG interpretation in health surveys, we also studied the diagnostic capacity of three scenarios:...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00100-5
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Podiatry (chiropody) services are one of the most frequently requested services in primary care. The elderly are given priority access to podiatry services in the UK blocking access for other priority groups. To evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a self-management program as a mea...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00197-5
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the process of development, content, and methods of implementation of reporting guidelines for health research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A systematic review of publications describing health research reporting guidelines developed using consensus. RESULTS:Eighty-one reporting guidelines for heal...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.013
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Associations of baseline one-hour postload plasma glucose with 22-year coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all cause mortality were assessed in five age-specific cohorts of nondiabetic men and women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry: 10,269 men ages 18-39 years; ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00201-1
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare methods commonly used to derive minimal important differences and recommend a rule for defining patients as clinically improved on the low back pain-specific Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). METHODS:447 primary care low back pain consulters completed a questionnaire at consultation a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.018
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between history of selected diseases, genital traumas, and Peyronie's disease. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the Andrologic and Surgical Outpatient Units of the Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, where 134 men with Peyronie's disease and 134 male...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00015-8
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma fibrinogen was measured in a sample of 8824 men and women aged 40-59 years participating in the Scottish Heart Health Study, and related to cardiovascular risk factors. Women had higher fibrinogen levels than men. In both sexes, multivariate analysis showed that fibrinogen was positively associated with age, sm...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90075-z
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Risk difference (RD) is often estimated from relative association measures generated by meta-analysis and a particular group's baseline risk. We describe a problematic situation in using this approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We encountered a meta-analysis in which a confidence interval (CI) of relative ris...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.11.005
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of determinants of recurrent disease often give unexpected results. In particular, well-established risk factors may seem not to have much influence on the recurrence risk. Recently, it has been argued that such paradoxical findings may be because of the bias caused by the selection of patients based on the oc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.023
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed validity and reliability of data on four serious pregnancy complications and gestational age in two national registers, the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the National Register of Hospital Discharges (NRHD). From a cohort of all women in Denmark who gave birth to their first and second singleton infant i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00018-2
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To illustrate how multiple hypotheses testing can produce associations with no clinical plausibility. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a study of all 10,674,945 residents of Ontario aged between 18 and 100 years in 2000. Residents were randomly assigned to equally sized derivation and validation cohort...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.012
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of unpublished systematic reviews (SRs) and explore factors contributing to their occurrence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:First or corresponding authors from a sample of SRs published in 2005 were asked to participate in a 26-item survey administered through the Internet, facsimile, a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.014
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is considerable actual and potential waste in research. Using evidence-based research (EBR) can ensure the value of a new study. The aim of this article, the third in a series, is to describe an EBR approach to putting research results into context. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:EBR is the us...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.021
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to assess the completeness of reporting of methods in overviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Assessment of the adequacy of reporting of methods in a random sample of 50 overviews was based on a published framework of methods for conducting overviews. Descriptive summary statistics were...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.09.025
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Upper Bavarian Field Study a total of 1536 persons (15 years and older) were interviewed by research psychiatrists. 8.1% of all respondents took a psychotropic drug during the 7 days prior to the interview. The consumption rate among women was about three times as high as that for men. The use of psychotropic d...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90042-8
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Adjudication committees (ACs) are recommended in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to standardize the assessment of events. We aimed to assess the reporting and functioning of ACs (synonyms: clinical event committees, endpoint committees) in clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched five high-...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.011
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The classical diagnostic cross-sectional study has a focus on one disease only. Generalist clinicians, however, are confronted with a wide range of diagnoses. We propose the "comprehensive diagnostic study design" to evaluate diagnostic tests regarding more than one disease outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.019
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the mechanisms of action in two successful geriatric clinical trials that tested multicomponent physical conditioning programs and to determine whether the pathways for overall benefit were through improvement in physical ability and/or self-confidence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:PREHAB and DRIVER ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.04.009
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore how the concept of randomization is described by clinicians and understood by patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and how it contributes to patient understanding and recruitment. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Qualitative analysis of 73 audio recordings of recruitment consultations from fiv...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.018
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formulas are derived for determination of the number of patients needed in a prospective comparison of survival curves, when the control group patients have already been followed for some period. Although an explicit formula for the required sample size is not available, the computing is straightforward, and tables of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90025-x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00