Are public library books contaminated by bacteria?

Abstract:

:The microbial flora on the surfaces of 15 books obtained from a public library and from 15 books obtained from a family household were studied. Staphylococcus epidermidis was recovered from 4 of the library books and 3 of the family household books. The number of organisms per page was between one to four. This data illustrates the safety of using library books, as they do not serve as a potential source of transmission of virulent bacteria.

journal_name

J Clin Epidemiol

authors

Brook SJ,Brook I

doi

10.1016/0895-4356(94)90103-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-10-01 00:00:00

pages

1173-4

issue

10

eissn

0895-4356

issn

1878-5921

pii

0895-4356(94)90103-1

journal_volume

47

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Procedures that assess inconsistency in meta-analyses can assess the likelihood of response bias in multiwave surveys.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Response bias may affect the result of surveys with <100% response rate. We applied methods commonly used in meta-analysis to ascertain the extent to which response bias affects multiwave survey results. METHODS:To test hypotheses of between-wave similarity, we used the Cochran-Armitage test f...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.11.027

    authors: Montori VM,Leung TW,Walter SD,Guyatt GH

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00

  • A case-control study on risk factors for Peyronie's disease.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between history of selected diseases, genital traumas, and Peyronie's disease. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the Andrologic and Surgical Outpatient Units of the Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, where 134 men with Peyronie's disease and 134 male...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00015-8

    authors: Carrieri MP,Serraino D,Palmiotto F,Nucci G,Sasso F

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • P. C. A. Louis and the birth of clinical epidemiology.

    abstract::Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (1787-1872) has been the direct or indirect mentor of influential U.S. and English scientists in public health, epidemiology, medicine, and biostatistics during the 19th and 20th century. Louis was primarily a clinician, but his name has been more closely associated with the history of e...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00294-6

    authors: Morabia A

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Methodological review showed correct absolute effect size estimates for time-to-event outcomes in less than one-third of cancer-related systematic reviews.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in how many cancer-related Cochrane reviews hazard ratio (HR)-based absolute effects in summary of findings (SoF) tables have been correctly calculated and reported. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We identified all Cochrane cancer intervention reviews that reported an HR for at least one outcome and p...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.006

    authors: Skoetz N,Goldkuhle M,Weigl A,Dwan K,Labonté V,Dahm P,Meerpohl JJ,Djulbegovic B,van Dalen EC

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Health care use by inner-city patients with asthma.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of health care use by inner-city patients with asthma and to identify patients at risk for hospitalization. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1788 patients with asthma aged 5 to 34 years from a large hospital-based multi-specialty practice in inner-city Ind...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00333-2

    authors: Murray MD,Stang P,Tierney WM

    更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00

  • Review of mixed treatment comparisons in published systematic reviews shows marked increase since 2009.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify and summarize published systematic reviews that report results of meta-analyses that combined direct and indirect comparisons. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Narrative review of mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs) reported in systematic reviews of health interventions. MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Emba...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.014

    authors: Lee AW

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • Use of surrogate respondents in studies of stroke and dementia.

    abstract::A study was performed to determine the misclassification of information on exposure when surrogate informants are interviewed. Information from nondementia patients admitted to a geriatric ward was compared with that obtained from the patients' family members or friends (informants). Thirty-seven patients were recruit...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00134-5

    authors: Weiss A,Fletcher AE,Palmer AJ,Nicholl CG,Bulpitt CJ

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • Human breast sarcoma and human breast implantation: a time trend analysis based on SEER data (1973-1990).

    abstract::Since the demonstration in the 1940s of foreign body induction of sarcomas in rodents, the safety of artificial implants in humans has been a matter of concern. In this study, we assess the risk for the development of breast sarcomas in women with silicone breast implants. Our analysis is based on the National Cancer ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00210-h

    authors: Engel A,Lamm SH,Lai SH

    更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00

  • Reducing population stratification bias: stratum matching is better than exposure.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Genetic studies of complex human diseases rely heavily on the epidemiologic association paradigm, particularly the population-based case-control designs. This study aims to compare the matching effectiveness in terms of bias reduction between exposure matching and stratum matching. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:F...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.016

    authors: Lee WC,Wang LY

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Trade-off between benefit and harm is crucial in health screening recommendations. Part I: general principles.

    abstract::Health screening is defined as the use of a test or a series of tests to detect unrecognized health risks or preclinical disease in apparently healthy populations to permit prevention and timely intervention. A health screening strategy consists of the sequence of a screening test, confirmatory test(s), and finally, t...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.009

    authors: Dans LF,Silvestre MA,Dans AL

    更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00

  • Autoperception and satisfaction with health: two medical care markers in elderly hospitalized patients. Quality of life as an outcome estimate of clinical practice.

    abstract::This paper reports a prospective study, carried out in elderly patients hospitalized for acute illness, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment from the point of view of quality of life (QoL). Patient's autoperception and satisfaction with health, the most relevant subjective estimates of QoL, were...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00237-k

    authors: Pérez Corral F,Abraira V

    更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence of survival benefit was often ambiguous in randomized trials of cancer treatments.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to estimate the proportion of statistically significant survival improvements reported in randomized trials of cancer treatments that are also compatible with a clinically negligible benefit. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This is a cross-sectional study of reports of randomized clin...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.026

    authors: Perneger TV,Brindel P,Combescure C,Gayet-Ageron A

    更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00

  • Weight and mortality in Finnish men.

    abstract::Mortality rates of 22,995 Finnish men aged 25 and over followed up for a median of 12 years were analyzed in relation to body mass index (BMI) at the initial examination. All-cause mortality followed a "U"-shaped distribution, being greatest for the thinnest and fattest men at all ages, or about 1.5-fold for those wit...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90076-0

    authors: Rissanen A,Heliövaara M,Knekt P,Aromaa A,Reunanen A,Maatela J

    更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00

  • Three ways to quantify uncertainty in individually applied "minimally important change" values.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Determining "minimally important change" (MIC) facilitates the interpretation of change scores on multi-item instruments. This article focuses on how MIC values should be interpreted when applied to individual patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The MIC value of a hypothetical questionnaire "Q" was determined...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.011

    authors: de Vet HC,Terluin B,Knol DL,Roorda LD,Mokkink LB,Ostelo RW,Hendriks EJ,Bouter LM,Terwee CB

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Community controls were preferred to hospital controls in a case-control study where the cases are derived from the hospital.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cases and controls should be chosen from the same base population to reduce selection bias in case-control studies. For hospital cases, we examined how inferences drawn from a case-control study can differ by choice of hospital- vs. community-based controls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We used data from a case...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.006

    authors: Neupane B,Walter SD,Krueger P,Loeb M

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Insufficient cross-cultural adaptations and psychometric properties for many translated health assessment scales: a systematic review.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:If researchers want to assess reliably different aspects of general health in the migrant populations, they need translations of internationally used health assessment scales with appropriate cross-cultural adaptations and satisfactory psychometric properties. A systematic review was performed to assess the ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.004

    authors: Uysal-Bozkir Ö,Parlevliet JL,de Rooij SE

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Test-retest reliability of an epidemiological instrument for Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::Reliability testing was conducted on a survey instrument for a genetic epidemiological study of Parkinson's disease (PD). Information on demographics, medical history, places of residence, and occupations was collected. The instrument was administered to 11 pairs of siblings discordant for PD and then re-administered ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00229-8

    authors: Reider CR,Hubble JP

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Zinc supplementation reduced cost and duration of acute diarrhea in children.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether zinc with oral rehydration solution (ORS) is more cost effective than ORS alone in the treatment of acute diarrhea. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Cost-effectiveness analysis among patients consulting the emergency room of a government institution. METHOD:Cost of treatment and outcome of part...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.004

    authors: Gregorio GV,Dans LF,Cordero CP,Panelo CA

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Inconsistent trial assessments by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and IQWiG: standards for the performance and interpretation of subgroup analyses are needed.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The methodology for the critical assessment of medical interventions is well established. Regulatory agencies and institutions adhere, in principle, to the same standards. This consistency, however, is not always the case in practice. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using the evaluation of the CAPRIE (Clopidogrel ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.009

    authors: Hasford J,Bramlage P,Koch G,Lehmacher W,Einhäupl K,Rothwell PM

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Multilevel modeling was a convenient alternative to common regression designs in longitudinal suicide research.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The prospective investigation of repetitive nonfatal suicidal behavior is associated with two methodological problems. Due to the commonly used definitions of nonfatal suicidal behavior, clinical samples usually consist of patients with a considerable between-person variability. Second, repeate...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.010

    authors: Antretter E,Dunkel D,Osvath P,Voros V,Fekete S,Haring C

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Half of Cochrane reviews were published more than 2 years after the protocol.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to examine the time from publication of the protocol for a Cochrane review to publication of the Cochrane review for the entire Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Cochrane reviews from the CDSR published between 1995 and 2019 were assessed...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.011

    authors: Andersen MZ,Gülen S,Fonnes S,Andresen K,Rosenberg J

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • The Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS) provides valid and reliable score estimates of functioning and well-being in stroke survivors with and without communication disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:This study describes the conceptual foundation and psychometric properties of the Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS), a patient-reported health status assessment designed to quantify the physical, cognitive, and psychological burden of stroke. METHODS:Qualitative research methods were used to devel...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.016

    authors: Doyle PJ,McNeil MR,Mikolic JM,Prieto L,Hula WD,Lustig AP,Ross K,Wambaugh JL,Gonzalez-Rothi LJ,Elman RJ

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Estimating the prevalence of hypertension corrected for the effect of within-person variability in blood pressure.

    abstract::The objective of our study was to assess the applicability of using estimates of within-person variance (WPV) from reproducibility studies for a correction of blood pressure values in another study to improve the accuracy of the prevalence estimation of hypertension. Data were collected from two cross-sectional popula...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00228-6

    authors: Klungel OH,de Boer A,Paes AH,Nagelkerke NJ,Seidell JC,Bakker A

    更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00

  • An international survey and modified Delphi approach revealed numerous rapid review methods.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To solicit experiences with and perceptions of rapid reviews from stakeholders, including researchers, policy makers, industry, journal editors, and health care providers. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:An international survey of rapid review producers and modified Delphi. RESULTS:Forty rapid review producers re...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.012

    authors: Tricco AC,Zarin W,Antony J,Hutton B,Moher D,Sherifali D,Straus SE

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in women with breast cancer and benign breast problems: a controlled comparison.

    abstract::Comparison of psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer (BC) and women with benign breast problems (BBP) has been hampered by a failure to control for age differences between these groups, as well as a failure to assess positive psychosocial adaptation in addition to psychological distress. Age-matched women...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00028-5

    authors: Andrykowski MA,Curran SL,Studts JL,Cunningham L,Carpenter JS,McGrath PC,Sloan DA,Kenady DE

    更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00

  • Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6-year-old European children.

    abstract::The occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi are among the most important known risk factors for the development of malignant melanoma. Studying the causes of nevi should lead to successful strategies in the prevention of melanoma. Among 11,478 white German children of preschool age the association between benign mel...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00484-5

    authors: Dulon M,Weichenthal M,Blettner M,Breitbart M,Hetzer M,Greinert R,Baumgardt-Elms C,Breitbart EW

    更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00

  • Methods for analyzing matched designs with double controls: excess risk is easily estimated and misinterpreted when evaluating traffic deaths.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To demonstrate analytic approaches for matched studies where two controls are linked to each case and events are accumulating counts rather than binary outcomes. A secondary intent is to clarify the distinction between total risk and excess risk (unmatched vs. matched perspectives). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.005

    authors: Redelmeier DA,Tibshirani RJ

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • A cost-minimization study of cancer patients requiring a narcotic infusion in hospital and at home.

    abstract::We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, cost-minimization study, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health, to compare the cost of managing cancer patients who required narcotic infusions, in hospital and at home. Our medical costs averaged $369.72 per inpatient day and $150.24 per outpatient day (saving $2...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90043-9

    authors: Ferris FD,Wodinsky HB,Kerr IG,Sone M,Hume S,Coons C

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Testing the equivalence of translations of widely used response choice labels: results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment.

    abstract::The similarity in meaning assigned to response choice labels from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was evaluated across countries. Convenience samples of judges (range, 10 to 117; median = 48) from 13 countries rated translations of response choice labels, using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal appearing in...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00084-5

    authors: Keller SD,Ware JE Jr,Gandek B,Aaronson NK,Alonso J,Apolone G,Bjorner JB,Brazier J,Bullinger M,Fukuhara S,Kaasa S,Leplège A,Sanson-Fisher RW,Sullivan M,Wood-Dauphinee S

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • An observational study showed that explaining randomization using gambling-related metaphors and computer-agency descriptions impeded randomized clinical trial recruitment.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore how the concept of randomization is described by clinicians and understood by patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and how it contributes to patient understanding and recruitment. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Qualitative analysis of 73 audio recordings of recruitment consultations from fiv...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.018

    authors: Jepson M,Elliott D,Conefrey C,Wade J,Rooshenas L,Wilson C,Beard D,Blazeby JM,Birtle A,Halliday A,Stein R,Donovan JL,CSAW study group.,Chemorad study group.,POUT study group.,ACST-2 study group.,OPTIMA prelim study group.

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00