Abstract:
PURPOSE:We investigated whether RS-isovaline, a unique amino acid found in carbonaceous meteorites and presumed extraterrestrial, has anticonvulsant properties in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. METHODS:Extracellular recordings were obtained in the rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer in two in vitro seizure models: perfusion of low (0.25 mm) Mg(2+) and high (5 mm) K(+) (LM/HK), or 100 μm 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of isovaline action, whole-cell recordings were obtained from CA1 pyramidal neurons and stratum oriens interneurons during 4-AP blockade of K(+) channels. KEY FINDINGS:Perfusion of LM/HK produced seizure-like events (SLEs) or stimulus-evoked primary afterdischarges (PADs) with amplitudes of 0.9 ± 0.1 mV lasting 80 ± 14 s. Application of isovaline (250 μm) for 20-30 min abolished SLEs and PADs or attenuated seizure amplitude and duration by 57.0 ± 9.0% and 57.0 ± 12.0%, respectively. Similar effects were seen with isovaline in the 4-AP seizure model. Isovaline alone increased interneuronal spontaneous spiking from 0.9 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.9 Hz, increased input resistance by 21.6 ± 8.1%, and depolarized the resting membrane potential by 8.0 ± 1.5 mV; no changes in the firing or electrical properties of pyramidal neurons were observed. Coapplication of 4-AP and isovaline increased interneuronal spontaneous spiking from 1.0 ± 0.6 to 2.6 ± 0.8 Hz, whereas pyramidal neuronal spiking activity decreased from 0.6 ± 0.4 to 0.2 ± 0.1 Hz. SIGNIFICANCE:Isovaline exhibited anticonvulsant properties in two hippocampal seizure models. This may lead to the development of a new class of anticonvulsants based on an unusual mechanism of action of this presumed extraterrestrial amino acid.
journal_name
Epilepsiajournal_title
Epilepsiaauthors
Shin DS,Yu W,Sutton A,Calos M,Puil E,Carlen PLdoi
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03260.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-01 00:00:00pages
2084-93issue
11eissn
0013-9580issn
1528-1167journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
EPILEPSIA文献大全abstract:PURPOSE:This study examined the influence of two psychosocial variables mediating between disease severity and quality of life (QoL) in epilepsy; social support and mastery (measured by locus of control and self-efficacy). A model placing these two variables as mediators between disease severity and QoL was tested with...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02078.x
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgery for seizures arising from the rolandic area can be performed effectively, and accurate mapping of eloquent regions may improve seizure and functional outcome. Noninvasive cortical mapping is, however, hardly feasible in young children. We studied two children with epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) t...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03524.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identical twins concordant for partial epilepsy, with onset at 8 and 11 years of age, are presented. Their course has been benign on anticonvulsant therapy. It is suggested that these cases of presumed genetic epilepsy support current concepts of cortical origin and genetic determinants in several subtypes of focal ep...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1986.tb03513.x
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate in vitro, the cellular network activity of the hippocampus in Q54 mice that display spontaneous seizures because of a gain-of-function mutation of the Scn2a sodium channel gene. METHODS:Extacellular recordings were obtained from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices prepared from Q...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01413.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an under-recognized cause of altered mental status. There are hardly any reported data on NCSE in developing countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Prospectively 210 consecutive patients with altered mental status admitted to neurological intensive care unit (NICU) of a tert...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01099.x
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leucoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding for one of the five subunits that constitute the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), and is characterized by a highly suggestive MRI pattern indicating vanishing of the cerebral white matter. Seizures are well known...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01542.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why some patients with seizures are successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and others prove medically intractable is not known. Inadequate intraparenchymal drug concentration is a possible mechanism of resistance to AEDs. The multiple drug resistance gene (MDR1) encodes P-glycoprotein, an energy-dependen...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01657.x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this work is to study, by means of computational simulations, the induction and sustaining of nonsynaptic epileptiform activity. METHODS:The computational model consists of a network of cellular bodies of neurons and glial cells connected to a three-dimensional (3D) network of juxtaposed extracellul...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01686.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify risk and risk factors for developing a subsequent febrile seizure (FS) in children with a first febrile status epilepticus (FSE) compared to a first simple febrile seizure (SFS). To identify home use of rescue medications for subsequent FS. METHODS:Cases included a first FS that was FSE drawn fr...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/epi.13418
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is a disease of complex etiology, and multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to its development. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may result from an initial precipitating event such as hypoxia, head injury, or prolonged seizure (i.e., status epilepticus [SE]), that is followed by a latent period of months to ye...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/epi.12036
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven patients had seizures with unilateral temporal lobe onset recorded with simultaneous bilateral medial temporal depth electrodes and neocortical (subdural) electrodes at least on the side of seizure onset. Of a total of 55 seizures, four had simultaneous onset in neocortex and hippocampus, and 51 had onset in un...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03676.x
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper addresses methodologic issues in studies of mortality, and the impact of these issues in studies of mortality in epilepsy. One important issue is to identify the question: Is it whether epilepsy increases the risk of dying? Or is it whether the underlying condition that led to epilepsy, itself associated wi...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00399.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) neurons are implicated in the propagation and suppression of amygdaloid seizures. Both structures are activated concomitant with amygdaloid seizure discharges. Their mechanisms of activation, however, remain to be elucidated. SN firing is not associated with the in...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01323.x
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate safety and tolerability of ketogenic diet (KGD) and valproate (VPA) cotherapy in the treatment of intractable seizures. METHODS:The patient records of children who underwent KGD initiation at the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children from February 2002 to September 2004 were retrospectively a...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.22705.x
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the technical and human resources for epilepsy care and classification are located largely in high income countries, most people with epilepsy reside in developing regions of the world. Advances over the past two decades in the clinical and basic neurosciences have transformed epilepsy care and largely drive ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03554.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The antiepileptic drug (AED) vigabatrin (VGB), which exerts its pharmacologic effects on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system, causes concentric visual field constriction in >40% of exposed adults. This may be a class effect of all agents with GABA-related mechanisms of action. We compared the concentratio...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.04203.x
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the usefulness of an early postictal EEG in neurologically normal children with complex febrile seizures. METHODS:We conducted a retrospective chart review of all neurologically normal children who were hospitalized over a period of 2.5 years after complex febrile seizures, and had an EEG up to 1 wee...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00143.x
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of peripartum depression and anxiety in a prospective study of women with epilepsy. METHOD:Pregnancies in women with epilepsy (n=706) were compared to pregnancies in all women without epilepsy (n=106,511) including women with specified nonepileptic...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/epi.12884
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Benign partial epilepsy (BPE) in childhood is characterized by the occurrence of interictal stereotyped focal spikes with variable localization in the EEG. Children with BPE often exhibit neuropsychological deficits. It is unclear whether a correlation exists between these deficits and the localization of spike...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00255.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Medically refractory epilepsy caused by cortical tubers resulting from tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) often requires surgical intervention. The locations of cortical tubers generally are determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this pilot study, we explored the feasibility of using the ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03167.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 47 consecutive patients who underwent temporal resection for seizure control. Nineteen (40%) had febrile convulsions preceding onset of their habitual seizures. In 17 of 18 patients whose disease duration was known, the febrile convulsions were prolonged (mean 4 h). As compared with patients without precedi...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02105.x
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four groups of pregnant rats were used to study the effects of dietary supplements of folic acid (FA) alone or a mixture of FA, vitamins (Vit), and amino acids (AA) on the teratogenic effects of phenytoin (PHT). Groups A, B, and C received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of high-dose (75 mg/kg/day) phenytoin (PHT) b...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05462.x
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Electroencephalographic seizures (ESs) are common in encephalopathic critically ill children, but identification requires extensive resources for continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG). In a previous study, we developed a clinical prediction rule using three clinical variables (age, acute enceph...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/epi.16724
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We analyzed a large group of patients investigated for suspected seizures to test whether gender or side are important factors in the origins of hippocampal sclerosis (HS). METHODS:We studied 996 consecutive patients (48% men, 52% women) by using standard hippocampal T2-relaxometry methods. RESULTS:HS was ass...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01604.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of tolerance (i.e., the reduction in response to a drug after repeated administration) is an adaptive response of the body to prolonged exposure to the drug, and tolerance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is no exception. Tolerance develops to some drug effects much more rapidly than to others. The extent of ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00607.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety, tolerability, and efficacy of gabapentin as adjunctive therapy were assessed in epileptic patients who had experienced up to four complex partial seizures per month while receiving phenytoin and/or carbamazepine. This was a multicenter, open-label prospective study, with the treatment period lasting 20 wee...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00930.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an anticonvulsant is controversial. Status epilepticus was induced in 0.5% halothane-anesthetized Wistar rats with a threshold (90 mg/kg) or suprathreshold (200 mg/kg) dose of intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) under stereotactic hippocampal depth electrode monitoring. F...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04690.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the potential interactions of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles involved. It describes the absorptive and distributive properties of AEDs and the effects on protein binding, hepatic metabolism, and elimination resulting from co-administration of AEDs...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02944.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual behavior is frequently impaired at onset of West syndrome (WS). We studied the neuropsychological outcome of eight children who had cryptogenic WS and moderate to severe visual impairment at the onset of epilepsy. At the last examination, a regional cerebral blood flow study using SPECT (single photon emission ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00448.x
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess safety of diazepam rectal gel (DZPRG) for control of acute seizures in epilepsy patients and to evaluate tolerance with repeated use of DZPRG at intervals of > or =5 days. METHODS:Subjects were persons with epilepsy, age 2 years or older, with seizure clusters or prolonged seizures. Onset of a treata...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02047.x
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00