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A comparison of lower genital tract glycogen and lactic acid levels in women and macaques: implications for HIV and SIV susceptibility.

Abstract：

:Understanding factors that affect heterosexual transmission of HIV in women is of great importance. Lactobacilli in the lower genital tract of women utilize glycogen in vaginal epithelial cells as an energy source and produce lactic acid. The resultant vaginal acidity is believed to provide protection against HIV infection. Conversely, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by less lactic acid and a higher pH, and is associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Because vaginal infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) is used as a model to study HIV sexual transmission, and because previous studies have shown a paucity of lactobacilli in rhesus macaques' lower genital tract, we compared lactic acid and glycogen levels in the genital fluid of rhesus and pigtail macaques with levels found in humans. The levels of lactic acid were lower in both rhesus (median=1.2 mol lactate/mg protein) and pigtail macaques (median=0.7 mol/mg) compared to women with healthy genital microbiota (median=4.2 mol/mg). Glycogen levels were significantly lower in both rhesus (median=0.004 μg glycogen/μg protein) and pigtail macaques (median=0 μg/μg) than in women (median=0.2 μg/μg). No significant differences in glycogen or lactate levels were observed comparing longitudinally collected samples from cycling pigtail macaques. These data show that the previously reported scarcity of lactobacilli in macaques correlates with low glycogen and lactic acid levels. These findings have important implications for studies of vaginal infection of macaques with SIV or SHIV and further our understanding of how the bacterial microbiota influences HIV infection.

journal_name

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses

journal_title

AIDS research and human retroviruses

authors

Mirmonsef P,Gilbert D,Veazey RS,Wang J,Kendrick SR,Spear GT

doi

10.1089/aid.2011.0071

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

76-81

issue

eissn

0889-2229

issn

1931-8405

journal_volume

pub_type

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A comparison of lower genital tract glycogen and lactic acid levels in women and macaques: implications for HIV and SIV susceptibility.