Investigating the potential for toxicity from long-term use of the herbal products, goldenseal and milk thistle.

abstract：:Many common inflammatory disorders are characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils across epithelial lined (mucosal) surfaces resulting in disruption of critical barrier function that protects from microbes and noxious agents. In such conditions, disease symptoms are complex but directly related to leukocyte effe...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Matthews JD,Weight CM,Parkos CA

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatocyte suspensions prepared from inbred male Wistar-Kyoto rats were transplanted to the livers of syngeneic recipients by injection into the portal venous system immediately after partial hepatectomy. Donor cells were labelled with 51Cr in vitro before transplantation. Animals were sacrificed 1 hr, 10 hr, 48 hr, o...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Saeter G,Schwarze PE,Nesland JM,Seglen PO

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present (putative) human carcinogens are identified via epidemiological studies and testing using the chronic 2-yr rodent bioassay. Both methods have severe limitations in that they are slow, insensitive, expensive, and are also hampered by many uncertainties. The development of methods to modify specific genes in ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： van Steeg H,Klein H,Beems RB,van Kreijl CF

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for assessing cardiac damage and should be utilized in drug safety assessment. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme analyses have historically been used in pre-clinical toxicity testing to assess cardiac injury, but since these assays are less...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Reagan WJ

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The histologic effect of 400 mg/M2/day of hydrocortisone, given alternatively from day 7 to day 19 after birth, was studied on the spleen of the immunologically immature rat. Two days after the cessation of treatment, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths were found to be largely depleted of small lymphocytes. Immunope...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： el Fouhil AF,Iskander FA,Turkall RM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The definition of diagnostic thresholds is an important aspect of identification and recording of histopathologic lesions in toxicology studies. Although the primary goal of the pathology examination is to identify and interpret lesions associated with the administration of the test article, the toxicologic pathologis...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Long GG,Hardisty JF

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Substantial progress in understanding nongenotoxic or secondary mechanisms of tumorigenesis has been made over the past decade. However, the methods used in regulated studies for assessment of carcinogenic potential in chemicals in development have not evolved significantly. Based on the experience of over 30 yr of te...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Alden CL,Smith PF,Piper CE,Brej L

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although arsenic exposure causes liver disease and/or hepatoma, little is known about molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced liver toxicity or carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of arsenic on expression of cancer-related genes in a rat liver following subchronic exposure to sodium arsenate (1, 10, 100 ppm in...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Cui X,Li S,Shraim A,Kobayashi Y,Hayakawa T,Kanno S,Yamamoto M,Hirano S

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is a survey of the results of recent investigations on gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones. In addition to the classical GI hormones (secretin, gastrin, and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ], there are at least nine other peptides whose structures and GI effects are known. These include vasoactive intestin...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Tansy MF,Kendall FM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interrelationships among induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1/2, decrease in connexin 32 (Cx32), and liver tumor-promoting activity by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in the promotion stage were examined in a 2-stage liver carcinogenesis model. A total of 20 male Fischer 344 rats were initiated with a single intraperiton...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Shoda T,Mitsumori K,Onodera H,Toyoda K,Uneyama C,Takada K,Hirose M

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One application of genomics in drug safety assessment is the identification of biomarkers to predict compound toxicity before it is detected using traditional approaches, such as histopathology. However, many genomic approaches have failed to demonstrate superiority to traditional methods, have not been appropriately ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Fielden MR,Eynon BP,Natsoulis G,Jarnagin K,Banas D,Kolaja KL

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinogenic potential of chloroform was evaluated in a short-term carcinogenicity testing system using CB6F1 rasH2-Tg (rasH2-Tg) mice. Chloroform was administered to rasH2-Tg males at doses of 28, 90, or 140 mg/kg and rasH2-Tg females at 24, 90, or 240 mg/kg by oral gavage for 26 weeks. Wild-type (non-Tg) male an...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Sehata S,Maejima T,Watanabe M,Ogata S,Makino T,Tanaka K,Manabe S,Takaoka M

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is the smallest nonhuman primate commonly used in biomedical research. Marmoset characteristics and propensities have enabled them to be used in a wide range of research as a model of human disease, physiology, drug metabolism, general toxicology, and reproductive biology. This...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Zühlke U,Weinbauer G

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The renal toxicity of harman and norharman, administered for 2 or 4 weeks at dietary levels of 1,000, 500, or 0 parts per million (ppm), was investigated in 6-week-old male F344/DuCrj rats. Although rats fed 1,000 ppm harman or norharman, but not the 500 ppm level, demonstrated marked body weight retardation from 1 we...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Hagiwara A,Asakawa E,Kurata Y,Sano M,Hirose M,Ito N

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Slc:Wistar male rats treated with human natural tumor necrosis factor alpha (hn TNF-alpha, 3 X 10(5) Japan reference units/kg intravenously) for 3 months showed histologic vacuolation of basophils in the anterior pituitary, hyperplasia of the thyroidal follicular epithelium, and hyperplasia of the testicular interstit...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Kakinuma C,Hamada Y,Futamura Y,Kuwayama C,Shimoi A,Shibutani Y

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A factor limiting widespread use of the transgenic rasH2 mouse model for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals is the paucity of published data on actual drug candidates in rasH2 mice. This report addresses this gap by highlighting rasH2 mouse study data for 10 pharmaceutical candidates. These results were compar...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Nambiar PR,Morton D

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recombinant soluble CD4 (sT4) has been shown to inhibit infectivity of HIV. Because of the role CD4 plays in the interaction of T-helper lymphocytes and cells bearing MHC Class II antigens, a potential adverse effect of therapy with sT4 is interference with lymphocyte function. To address this issue, we studied the ef...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bugelski PJ,Thiem PA,Truneh A,Morgan DG

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The chloracetanilide herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2',6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide) induces nasal neoplasms in rats following chronic dietary exposure. The present study sought to identify the cellular origin and mechanisms of tumor induction and progression. Male Long-Evans rats were fed alachlor (0 or 126 ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Genter MB,Burman DM,Dingeldein MW,Clough I,Bolon B

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is used as an indicator of hepatocellular injury. Since ALT consists of two isoenzymes, a better understanding of ALT isoenzyme biology in response to compounds that cause metabolic adaptive versus hepatotoxic responses will allow for a more accurate assessment of the significance of an ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Reagan WJ,Yang RZ,Park S,Goldstein R,Brees D,Gong DW

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Focal spontaneously occurring eosinophilic hypertrophic cells, histomorphologically resembling oncocytes and hepatocytes, were observed in the pancreas from 11 (0.3%) of 4,177 Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 to 26 months old. The age of these eleven rats ranged from 13 to 25 months. The incidence was not different between sexe...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Chiu T

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Duplications of the gastrointestinal tract are exceedingly rare in laboratory animals. We report a case of a communicating intestinal duplication in a 17-wk-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. The duplication was present in the mesenteric border of the ileum, and both proximal and distal ends were communicated with the lumen...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Elangbam CS,Clevidence KJ,Jackson CB,Holson JF

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The uterine cellular expression and distribution of c-fos, ERalpha and p38alpha was compared in humans, nonhuman primates, and rats using immunohistochemistry. ERalpha and c-fos were present in the glandular (GE) and luminal epithelial cells (LE) of humans and nonhuman primates, with differing expression patterns evid...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Radi ZA,Khan NK

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kerosene-type jet fuel, JP-8, consists of a complex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of the utility of JP-8, studies have been conducted to identify the potential long-term consequence of occupational inhalation exposure. Fischer 344 rats and C57BL/6 mice of both sexes were exposed to JP-8 v...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Mattie DR,Alden CL,Newell TK,Gaworski CL,Flemming CD

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK), which is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), regulates phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments (POS). To investigate the effects of drug-induced MerTK inhibition on the retina, UNC569, a specific MerTK inhibitor, was orally administered to male mice ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Sayama A,Okado K,Nakamura K,Kawaguchi T,Iguchi T,Makino T,Yabe K,Kai K,Mori K

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nephrotoxicity is one of the more common causes of attrition in nonclinical drug development. Like most tissues, the kidney has a limited number of ways of responding to toxicological insults from diverse mechanistic pathways, which can limit the ability to determine mechanisms of renal injury using the assays routine...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ennulat D,Ringenberg M,Frazier KS

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) is a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tissue sections in preclinical drug development. LSC combines the strengths of flow cytometry with tissue architecture retention. This technology has been used predominantly with immunofluorescent techniques on cell culture ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Peterson RA,Krull DL,Butler L

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tubular injury sensitizes glomeruli to injury. We review potential mechanisms of this tubuloglomerular cross talk. In the same nephron, tubular injury can cause stenosis of the glomerulotubular junction and finally result in atubular glomeruli. Tubular injury also affects glomerular filtration function through tubulog...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Wang J,Zhong J,Yang HC,Fogo AB

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists such as fenofibrate are used to treat dyslipidemia. Although fenofibrate is considered safe in humans, it is known to cause hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents. To evaluate untargeted metabolic profiling as a tool for gaining insight into the underlying...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Ohta T,Masutomi N,Tsutsui N,Sakairi T,Mitchell M,Milburn MV,Ryals JA,Beebe KD,Guo L

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to investigate the role of the stimulation of cell division for the initiation (and possibly promotion) of liver tumors by chemical carcinogens, the incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine into liver DNA was determined in male rats. Single doses of various levels of aflatoxin B1, benzidine and carbon tetrach...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Lutz WK,Büsser MT,Sagelsdorff P

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review of the data obtained from various studies on carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride (VC) in rodents, particularly on the effect of dose, age, duration of exposure and potential reversibility of lesions, revealed that vinyl chloride-induced carcinogenicity in rodents was dose and time related; no recovery occurred ...

journal_title：Toxicologic pathology

authors： Bhandari JC

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00