Abstract：
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have analysed impacts on average intakes. Agueably however intakes that are of real concern are those which are some distance away from the recommendations. Fiscal measures might have a limited impact on such diets, and as a result, on health. We measure the impact of a fiscal intervention on the the risks of diet-related disease, accounting for the full range of diets. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Demand equations are estimated with data collected from 6760 households in the UK Expenditure and Food Survey. The model is used to simulate the impacts of a policy, in which a tax based on saturated fat content is combined with subsidy on fruit and vegetables. Changes in consumption are used to compute the effects on the risks of a range of diet-related disease using measures of relative risk. In contrast with other studies, we simulate the impacts of the fiscal regime at the level of the individual households in the sample. RESULTS:The subsidy brings mean levels of fruit and vegetable consumption in line with dietary recommendations, but the tax is insufficient to achieve this goal for fat intakes. Once the changes in diet are converted into changes in the risks of disease, the impacts of the policy are negligible. A substantial part of the population continues to consume an unhealthy diet. CONCLUSION:Fiscally based interventions should be considered amongst a suite of policy interventions, which also include policies aimed at improving the poorest of diets.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Nutrjournal_title
European journal of clinical nutritionauthors
Tiffin R,Arnoult Mdoi
10.1038/ejcn.2010.281subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-04-01 00:00:00pages
427-33issue
4eissn
0954-3007issn
1476-5640pii
ejcn2010281journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Cross-sectionally, educational attainment is strongly associated with the prevalence of obesity, but this association is less clear for weight change during adult life. The objective of this study is to examine the association between educational attainment and weight change during adult life in t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2012.55
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify dietary patterns, and their socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates in a large sample of Greek adults, and assess their adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet. DESIGN:Principal component (PC) analysis was used to identify dietary patterns among 28 034 participants of the Greek branch ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601699
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between obesity and vitamin D status cross-sectionally, the relationship between obesity and the incidence of hypovitaminosis D prospectively and inversely the relationship between vitamin D status and incidence of obesity in a population-based cohort study in Spain...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2013.48
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Sifted flour was fortified with carbonyl iron for 50 years in Sweden. This study evaluates changes in food habits, intake of iron, factors affecting iron absorption and iron status after the discontinuation of the general iron fortification in adolescents with the highest requirements. SUBJECTS/M...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2014.291
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To define the cellular basis for immune enhancement by a probiotic lactic acid bacteria strain (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019); and to determine whether immune enhancement can be optimized by delivery in oligosaccharide-enriched low-fat milk. DESIGN:A double-blind, three-stage before-and-after intervention tr...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601093
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional data on growth outcome, upper-arm measurements and energy intake have been analysed according to the presence or absence of early feeding problems and poor appetite in 40 children (0.9-13 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD). At the time of study, refusal to eat or poor appetite was reported as a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia is a well-known phenomenon in insulin-treated diabetic subjects. Less attention has been paid to the impact of alcohol on blood glucose and insulin responses in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute metabolic effects of different alcoh...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing scientific evidence shows that the Mediterranean lifestyle -including a characteristic dietary pattern as well as psychosocial and cultural features- has beneficial effects on human health. However, production and use of some of the distinctive components (e.g., olive oil, red wine, nuts, legumes, fish and ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41430-018-0307-7
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with disability and frequency of relapses in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS:The study included 184 patients with relapsing-remitting MS who were receiving immune-mo...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2016.51
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Green tea is commonly consumed in China, Japan, and Korea and certain parts of North Africa and is gaining popularity in other parts of the world. The aim of this review was to objectively evaluate the existing evidence related to green tea consumption and various health outcomes, especially cancer, cardiovascular dis...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41430-020-00710-7
更新日期：2020-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: We evaluated plant sterol and stanol (PS) intakes from natural sources and enriched foods in the Finnish population-based national FINDIET 2007 Survey. In addition, we compared the users and nonusers of PS-enriched foods in terms of their characteristics and dietary intake. SUBJECTS/...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2014.3
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate diagnostic instruments for assessment of nutritional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to objective body composition data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Study subjects include 60 in-ward patients (83% women, median age 65 years). Anthropometric measures and the nutritional tool...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602845
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patterns of seasonal variation in energy intake among small scale farmers (n = 112 individuals) of the highland community of Nuñoa, Peru are examined. Marked seasonal fluctuations in energy consumption are demonstrated with average daily energy intakes being lowest during the last few months before harvest (January-Ap...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure body water distribution and to evaluate the accuracy of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the assessment of total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) in severe obesity. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Obesity clinic. SUBJECTS:In all, 75 women aged 18-66 y, 2...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602049
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We hypothesized that very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have reduced serum and red blood cell (RBC) selenium (Se) at birth, which decrease further with current nutrition and are associated with chronic lung disease and septicaemia. DESIGN:We studied Se intake, concentration in serum and RBCs and glutathion...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602715
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:There is limited published research examining lipid-soluble vitamins in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women, particularly in resource-limited settings. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This is an observational analysis of 1078 HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in a trial of vitamin supp...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2010.76
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe dietary carbohydrate intakes and their food sources among 27 centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. METHODS:Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects, aged between 35-74 years, were administered a standardized, 24-h die...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2009.74
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the phytate intake and molar ratios of phytate to calcium, iron and zinc in the diets of people in China. DESIGN:2002 China Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey is a cross-sectional nationwide representative survey on nutrition and health. The information on dietary intakes was collected using co...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602513
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The article deals with the generation of a prediction equation for basal metabolic rate (BMR) of well-nourished Indian males, from prospective measurements on 121 males, using a single validated technique. The equation related BMR to simple measures such as weight (WT) and age, and was given by: BMR (kJ/d) = 48.7 * WT...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the relationships between insulin sensitivity (IS), skeletal muscle (SM) mass and SM quality in youth. Forty obese adolescent boys (body mass index ≥ 95 th percentile, 12-18 years) participated in this study. IS and glucose tolerance was measured by a 3 h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and a 2 h oral gl...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2012.142
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is hypothesised that epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation may underlie the relationship between early-life nutrition and child cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns associated with the intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients in children aged 2-3 years. METHODS:A v...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41430-018-0376-7
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the protection observed for some micronutrients, such as beta-carotene, in several observational studies may simply reflect vegetable and fruit intake. DESIGN:A case-control study conducted in Italy. SUBJECTS:The subjects were 1225 colon cancer patients, 728 rectal cancer patients and...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601317
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Despite the worldwide scientific and media attention, the actual fructose consumption in many non-US populations is not clear. The aim of this study was to estimate the fructose consumption and its main food sources in a representative sample of the general Dutch population. SUBJECTS/METHODS:In a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2014.267
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Previous small studies have shown either no difference or a lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in vegetarians than in non-vegetarians. This study examined the incidence of symptomatic gallstone disease in a cohort of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians, and investigated the associatio...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2016.252
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the intake of selenium (Se) and the contribution of different food groups to Se intake in adults aged 18-64 y in Ireland. The adequacy of Se intake in the population is also assessed. DESIGN:Food consumption was estimated using a 7 day food diary for a representative sample (n=1379; men=662, women...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601323
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that energy requirements are either proportional to the BMR (FAO/WHO/UNU, 1985) or to body weight (WHO, 1973). The present analysis sought to distinguish between these two possibilities by determining whether, in rural Gambian women, energy expenditure was more nearly proportional to the BMR or t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increases risk of obesity. Similar data are lacking in Chinese populations with rapid nutritional transition. We aimed to examine the association between SSB intake, lifestyle factors and obesity in Hong Kong Chinese. SUBJECTS/METHODS:This...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2010.181
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Western dietary pattern, and particularly high dietary sodium intake (DSI), is recognized for its detrimental impact on blood pressure (BP). This paper examined the association of DSI with BP in Nunavik Inuit (Québec), a population known to have an optimal BP on average. In a population-based study, we recruited 421 n...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ejcn.2012.8
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Pizza eating has been favourably related to the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the data are limited. To evaluate the potential role of pizza consumption on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we considered data from an Italian study. DESIGN:We conducted a hospital-based case-control study on...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601997
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of the Euronut SENECA study, food consumption has been assessed in 1217 men and 1241 women, born between 1913 and 1918 and living in 18 towns in 12 European countries. The method used was a standardized modified dietary history, including a 3-day estimated record and a food frequency list based on local food p...
journal_title：European journal of clinical nutrition
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
