Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Optimism bias refers to unwarranted belief in the efficacy of new therapies. We assessed the impact of optimism bias on a proportion of trials that did not answer their research question successfully and explored whether poor accrual or optimism bias is responsible for inconclusive results. STUDY DESIGN:Systematic review. SETTING:Retrospective analysis of a consecutive-series phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed under the aegis of National Cancer Institute Cooperative groups. RESULTS:Three hundred fifty-nine trials (374 comparisons) enrolling 150,232 patients were analyzed. Seventy percent (262 of 374) of the trials generated conclusive results according to the statistical criteria. Investigators made definitive statements related to the treatment preference in 73% (273 of 374) of studies. Investigators' judgments and statistical inferences were concordant in 75% (279 of 374) of trials. Investigators consistently overestimated their expected treatment effects but to a significantly larger extent for inconclusive trials. The median ratio of expected and observed hazard ratio or odds ratio was 1.34 (range: 0.19-15.40) in conclusive trials compared with 1.86 (range: 1.09-12.00) in inconclusive studies (P<0.0001). Only 17% of the trials had treatment effects that matched original researchers' expectations. CONCLUSION:Formal statistical inference is sufficient to answer the research question in 75% of RCTs. The answers to the other 25% depend mostly on subjective judgments, which at times are in conflict with statistical inference. Optimism bias significantly contributes to inconclusive results.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Djulbegovic B,Kumar A,Magazin A,Schroen AT,Soares H,Hozo I,Clarke M,Sargent D,Schell MJdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
583-93issue
6eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(10)00317-3journal_volume
64pub_type
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abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether nominally statistically significant effects in meta-analyses of clinical trials are true and whether their magnitude is inflated. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 (issue 4) and 2010 (issue 1) were used. We considered meta-analyses with bina...
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abstract:OBJECTIVE:Many clinicians and decision makers want to know the combined effects of treatments that have not been evaluated in combination. It is possible to determine such treatment effects by making assumptions about the additive effects. We discuss here the prerequisites and methods of applying additivity assumptions...
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abstract::Mortality in relation to body mass index (BMI) was studied in 17,159 healthy Finnish women aged 25-79 followed up for a median of 12 years. Mortality from all cases was related to BMI only in non-smokers aged 25-64, among whom the mortality pattern was "U"-shaped, with a minimum in the second quintile of BMI (the refe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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abstract::Time to revision is an important criterion describing the quality of implants in total joint surgery. Estimates of failure probabilities are required to inform a patient about the risk of suffering a reoperation. Also, regression models are used for comparing different prosthesis designs. Typically, patients dying bef...
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abstract::Individual energy expenditure (kcal/kg/day) was calculated from a detailed set of questions from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement of the 1985 National Health Interview Survey. Responses to three single-item, self-assessment questions were compared to the energy expenditure variable to test criter...
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim was to assess relationships between increased aerobic fitness sustained over 4 years, and changes in blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and lipids. Measurements were made of BP, lipids, weight, and fitness in 1000 middle-aged men and women entering a fitness programme, and were repeated 2 and 4 years later. The 342 ...
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更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of nonrespondents and late respondents in a population-based case-control study on lung cancer conducted in the city of Turin (Italy). Information about demographic and socioeconomic variables of 634 cases and 859 controls who responded to an interview, as we...
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00