Abstract：
:In 1978, the nature of the hypnozoite was discussed in an article that appeared in a relatively obscure journal, which is also where the term was adopted for Plasmodium (a little-known fact). As a result, that commentary on the use of the word "hypnozoite" has been almost completely overlooked. Although the publication is now more than three decades old, the analysis remains valid today. It is explained in the present paper that like "merozoite" and "sporozoite", the name "hypnozoite" is applicable not only to a latent stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium but to some apparently dormant forms of other kinds of apicomplexan parasites as well. Merozoites of different genera of parasitic protozoa are not necessarily the same biologically and/or otherwise. Similarly, although the hypnozoite concept relates primarily to pre-merozoite stages, some atypical post-divisional apicomplexan forms might also be hypnozoites. Examples are likewise given of latent organisms that, in contrast, are clearly not hypnozoites, such as dormant merozoites in malaria infections. Lastly, the plasmodial hypnozoite is placed in context in relation to the relatively unfamiliar (nomenclaturally) malarial bradysporozoite, chronozoite, dormozoite, merophore, merosome and x body. This paper is based on a presentation by the author, as a Life Member of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, to its 59th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 3-7 November 2010.
journal_name
Parasitol Resjournal_title
Parasitology researchauthors
Markus MBdoi
10.1007/s00436-010-2072-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
247-52issue
1eissn
0932-0113issn
1432-1955journal_volume
108pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract：:Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and represents enormous diagnostic challenge. The objective of this report was to review scientific data from studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on the diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy within the last two decades (1...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00436-007-0782-6
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NADH- or NADPH-oxidase activity was cytochemically detected at the ultrastructural level during the process of interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The reaction product, indicative of enzyme activity, was found in the portion of the plasma membrane of the macrophages to whi...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00578506
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Host specificity is a fundamental property of parasites. Whereas most studies focus on measures of specificity on host range, only few studies have considered quantitative aspects such as infection intensity or prevalence. The relative importance of these quantitative aspects is still unclear, mainly because of method...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-014-4154-8
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acanthocephalan parasite Acanthocephalus dirus infects the freshwater isopod Caecidotea intermedius as an intermediate host before completing its life cycle in a fish. Transmission to the definitive host occurs after the parasite has reached the cystacanth stage, and development into this stage is associated with ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4753-z
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of plant origin my serve as an alternative biocontrol technique in the future. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of fractions and compounds from the whole-plant methanol extra...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4856-6
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Praziquantel, due to high efficacy, excellent tolerability, few and transient side effects, simple administration, and competitive cost, is virtually the only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiasis. Treatment of schistosomiasis has shown great advances with the introduction of the drug into the therapeu...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00436-011-2670-3
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is an important pathogen worldwide, but its molecular characterization has been limited to studying individual genes of interest. We undertook a high-throughput genomic approach and drastically increased the number of available sequences for this parasite. A total of 2,662 e...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-005-0029-3
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In three different areas in northern Germany, hippoboscids were collected from red deer (Cervus elaphus). Typanosomatids were demonstrated in the midgut and hindgut of 9/37 Lipoptena cervi. The trypanosomatids were morphologically similar to vector forms of the subgenus Megatrypanum that had been found in tabanids at ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00928691
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Out of 2,343 examined sheep throughout the whole year, 271 were found to be infected with tapeworms (11.5%). The highest infection rate (22.1%) was recorded in autumn, while the lowest (6%) occurred in summer. Six species of cestodes were identified according to their prevalence: Moniezia expansa (74%), Moniezia denti...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-010-2060-2
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus were incubated in vitro with praziquantel (PZ), albendazole (ABZ), or a combination of both (PZ + ABZ). PZ and ABZ displayed slower protoscolicidal activity when applied separately than when used in combination. Despite the low PZ + ABZ concentrations used, protoscolex viabilit...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00008526
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Precise identification of members of the genus Diplostomum is difficult in that many larval stages have been described and named separately from their adult forms. In this study, the life cycles of two Diplostomum spp. were established using metacercariae obtained from the eyes of rainbow trout. The parasites were ide...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00931794
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The origin, differentiation and functional ultrastructure of oncospheral or egg envelopes in Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cytochemistry. The purpose of our study is to describe the formation of the four primary embryonic envelopes, namely vitelli...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-017-5479-x
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhodnius nasutus, a triatomine species autochthonous in the Brazilian Northeast, is primarily associated with the Copernicia prunifera palm tree (Carnauba). For the first time, the colonization of this triatomine in another tree species is reported. To investigate the existence of an infected triatomine focus located ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-007-0823-1
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroscopically visible sarcocysts were observed in the skeletal muscles of naturally infected skinks of the genus Agama (infection rate 11.3%). Sarcocysts were described by means of transmission electron microscopy. These cysts measured 0.03-0.25 x 0.38-1.7 mm (mean 0.12 x 1.1 mm). Typical mature cysts were bordered ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00008559
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haematophagous leeches express a broad variety of bioactive factors that are released from the salivary gland cells into the wound of a host during feeding. Among these, hirudin is probably the best studied factor and, moreover, the only one that has successfully made the transition from nature to clinical use. Many c...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-016-5294-9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three new myxosporeans of the genus Sphaeromyxa Thélohan 1892 were discovered from the coastal waters off Xiamen in the East China Sea and characterized based on morphological and SSU rDNA data. Sphaeromyxa photopectoralis sp. n. was described from Photopectoralis bindus, and Sphaeromyxa sebastisca sp. n. was describe...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-020-06656-w
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Light, scanning and transmission electron microscope examinations of adult Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum nematodes, parasitic in the stomach of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.), revealed that the body wall is composed of a cuticle, a hypodermis and longitudinally oriented somatic musculature. The body cuticle is co...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-003-0935-1
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA primers were designed from the 18S rRNA sequence from the relevant digenean trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic method of this parasite from its eggs in faeces of naturally and experimentally infected sheep. In order to get DNA from D. dendriticum eggs, sever...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-013-3313-7
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of plant-derived cysteine proteinases, such as those in papaya latex, as novel anthelmintics requires that the variables affecting efficacy be fully evaluated. Here, we conducted two experiments, the first to test for any effect of host sex and the second to determine whether the intensity of the worm ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4456-5
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study reports on the antifilarial activity of a marine sponge Haliclona exigua (phylum Porifera). The crude methanol extract and n-butanol-soluble fraction killed adult Brugia malayi at 31.25-microg/ml concentration (both in motility and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay) ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-009-1555-1
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The migratory response of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes from the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) to infective larvae of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi and Hagaki, 1974 was examined by means of light microscopical histology and with an in vitro assay using a modified Boy...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-008-0910-y
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The taxonomy and classification of the family Opisthorchiidae have been revised by several authors with the exclusion or synonymization of some genera. The genus Hepatiarius Feizullaev, 1961 accommodated two species: Hepatiarius sudarikovi Feizullaev, 1961 and H. longissimus Linstow, 1883. Recently, some experts have ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-019-06227-8
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gnathiid isopods are marine ectoparasites that feed on the blood of fishes that have been implicated as vectors of blood parasites, with transmission possibly occurring through biting during their parasitic life-stages, or through ingestion by fishes. However, evidence for their role as vectors is limited, reflecting ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-020-06676-6
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tetramicra brevifilum, a microsporidian parasite of Scophthalmus maximus, was found in Lophius budegassa for the first time. This parasite was detected in 5 of 199 hosts captured in the coastal waters of Barcelona (Northwest Mediterranean), which enlarges the geographic distribution of this microsporidian. Affected fi...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004360050384
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Susceptibility or resistance to infection with Cryptosporidium parvum correlates with the ability of mice to produce characteristic panels of cytokines in response to infection. Both adult healing and nonhealing mouse models of cryptosporidiosis were used to study the cell-mediated immune response during the course of...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-005-1436-1
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationships between inflammation in organs with Toxocara canis larval migration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were investigated following the infection of mice with 1,000 infective eggs. Gelatinase activity was defined by gelatin zymography, optimum pH, inhibitor specificity and Western blot analysis. M...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-004-1271-9
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcocysts were detected in routinely processed histological sections of skeletal muscle, but not cardiac muscle, of two adult male otters (Lutra lutra; Mustelidae) from northern Norway following their post-mortem examination in 1999 and 2000. The sarcocysts were slender, spindle-shaped, up to 970 μm long and 35-70 μm...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-014-4251-8
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred forty feral domestic cats trapped between 2004 and 2008 in the city centre and the suburb districts of Dubai, as well as in desert biotopes, were subjected to a complete parasitological dissection. The established parasite fauna consisted of Cystoisospora felis (12.9%), Cystoisospora rivolta (9.2%), Toxopl...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-009-1372-6
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bats from the families Rhinolophidae (n = 90) and Vespertilionidae (n = 191) in the USA and Czech Republic were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by microscopic and molecular analysis of faecal samples collected from rectum of dissected animals and from the ground beneath roosting sites. Cryptosporidium ooc...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4654-1
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：ABTRACT:Structure of the helminth community of Megaleporinus obtusidens collected in Lake Guaíba was evaluated, and the results indicated that the diversity of helminth species was probably determined by fish behavior and eating habits. The influence of sex, weight, and standard length of hosts for parasitic indices wa...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-018-5933-4
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
