Abstract:
:Existing psychotropic medications for the treatment of mental illnesses, including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics, are clinically suboptimal. They are effective in only a subset of patients or produce partial responses, and they are often associated with debilitating side effects that discourage adherence. There is growing enthusiasm in the promise of pharmacogenetics to personalize the use of these treatments to maximize their efficacy and tolerability; however, there is still a long way to go before this promise becomes a reality. This article reviews the progress that has been made in research toward understanding how genetic factors influence psychotropic drug responses and the challenges that lie ahead in translating the research findings into clinical practices that yield tangible benefits for patients with mental illnesses.
journal_name
Clin Lab Medjournal_title
Clinics in laboratory medicineauthors
Zandi PP,Judy JTdoi
10.1016/j.cll.2010.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
931-74issue
4eissn
0272-2712issn
1557-9832pii
S0272-2712(10)00119-8journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of the hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow can help with diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of chronic myeloid neoplasms. Unlike with B-cell neoplasms, there is no simple phenotypic test to substitute for clonality. Therefore, antigen panels to evaluate myeloid neoplasms are larger...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2017.07.006
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Market forces and service demands are driving a segment of laboratory testing away from centralized laboratories and closer to the patient's bedside. Placed into a historical perspective, this should be neither surprising nor distressing. Terminology is being clarified and professional societies are beginning to take ...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in computing speed and power have made a pure digital work flow for pathology. New technologies such as whole slide imaging (WSI), multispectral image analysis, and algorithmic image searching seem poised to fundamentally change the way in which pathology is practiced. This article provides the practicing pat...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.07.006
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melanoma represents a substantial source of risk within dermatology and dermatopathology. This article seeks to provide general pathologists, dermatologists and dermatopathologists with an overview of the basics principles of medical malpractice litigation, a review of the essentials of reporting and the importance of...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2007.12.006
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The era of prenatal screening for serious birth defects began in the 1970s with the discovery that amniotic fluid and maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were increased in pregnancies affected by fetal open neural tube defects. Since then, prenatal screening has become a part of routine obstetric care. In...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00032-5
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the concept of dysplasia and the distinguishing features of dysplastic nevi, including their premalignant potential, their biologic markers of tumor progression, and their reproducibly recognizable clinical and histologic characteristics. An additional emphasis is placed on describing gray zone m...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug testing of patients in a psychiatric outpatient service is an effective way to identify patients who relapse into renewed use of drugs of abuse and in monitoring the effectiveness of ongoing medical and psychological therapy. Most of this testing involves the analysis of urine specimens with immunoassays. Hair te...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal thermogenesis requires a complex interaction between systems that generate and dissipate heat. Serving as director of thermogenesis, the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system along with the thyroid and adrenal glands to respond to changes in body temperature. Working in concert, these systems re...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2006.01.007
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Image processing has traveled to the lunar surface and back, finding its way into the clinical laboratory. Advances in digital computers have improved the technology of image analysis, resulting in a wide variety of medical applications. Offering improvements in turnaround time, standardized systems, increased precisi...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::FNA cytology has been shown to be highly accurate in diagnosing malignant tumors. In gynecology, an overall accuracy of 94.5% in the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors has been reported. Despite many controversial views regarding its safety, aspiration cytology has been accepted as an innocuous proced...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thromboembolism covers a range of conditions from deep vein thrombosis to pulmonary embolism. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, minimize acute morbidity and mortality by preventing the extension or potentially fatal embolization of the initial thrombus, and avoid postthrombotic syndrome. Anticoagulant thera...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2014.06.011
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to identify specific strains within a given species of pathogen is an important aid in the rational development of effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infections. The efforts of both microbiologist and hospital epidemiologic are facilitated greatly by the availability of the newer molecula...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cause a well-characterized spectrum of disease in humans, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to hemorrhagic colitis and fatal typhoidal fever. These pathogens are responsible for millions of cases of food-borne illness in the United States each year, with substantial costs measured i...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.002
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The active management of laboratory test utilization appears to be a practical approach to addressing the financial pressures imposed by managed care and capitated reimbursement, and can complement efforts already underway in most laboratories to reduce the unit cost of testing. Managing laboratory utilization takes t...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::"Bath salts" has attracted young adults primarily due to its stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects akin to amphetamines and cocaine. Although other designer amines have been incorporated to newer generation "bath salts", synthetic cathinones remain to be their major component. This article discusses our current under...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.07.010
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides surgical pathologists an overview of health information systems (HISs): what they are, what they do, and how such systems relate to the practice of surgical pathology. Much of this article is dedicated to the electronic medical record. Information, in how it is captured, transmitted, and conveyed...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.09.012
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular biological techniques have evolved expeditiously and in turn have been applied to the detection of infectious disease. Maturation of these technologies and their coupling with related technological advancement in fluorescence, electronics, digitization, nanodynamics, and sensors among others have afforded cl...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2018.02.004
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome analysis is the genetic technique useful in evaluating endocrine disease. Indications for cytogenetic studies include suspected sex chromosomal aneuploidies as well as repeated fetal wastage. In patients with ambiguous genitalia, cytogenetic studies are mandatory, not only to provide information for assigni...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretroviral drugs against HIV infection have been developed that inhibit various stages of the HIV replication cycle. Agents other than reverse transcriptase inhibitors are reviewed with particular attention to those under study in clinical trials, including inhibitors of the virus-encoded protease enzyme. In addit...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current success in organ transplantation has been brought about by immunosuppressive therapy. Improvements in transplant outcome using these drugs have stalled, and an understanding of the pharmacogenomics of immunosuppressive dosing and response holds the greatest promise for advancing the use of these agents. ...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2008.09.004
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An obvious advantage of a combined PAP and PSA measurement is the increased sensitivity of detection. Furthermore, the use of both markers in monitoring patients with prostatic carcinoma offers the advantage of a greater number of patients with objective parameters for follow-up. ...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of antimicrobic susceptibility testing is outlined with particular reference to standardization of procedures and organizational developments that have led to substantially improved performance. Special problems continue to be posed by increased proportions of opportunistic pathogens and newly recogniz...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in the genome of hepatitis B virus has been associated with a number of clinical parameters, but there is a paucity of functional data to show a causal relationship. For example, variants of the core and X genes have been linked with the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis, viral replication efficiency, and se...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disease prevention requires sociopolitical change, which in turn requires the participation of those for whom the change is intended, including demographic groups at high risk for disease, appropriate governmental authorities, and essential health care personnel. Multiparous women of lowest socioeconomic status, the d...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2004.05.018
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::India is a global leader in diabetes, currently with second largest pool of diabetes in the world. Asian Indian phenotype is uniquely predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes because of strong familial aggregation as well lifestyle factors of imprudent diet and sedentary physical habit. The typical Asian Indian phenotyp...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.012
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic procedures for the detection of malaria differ considerably depending on the aims of evaluation. The current requirements of any laboratory procedure for general application to the detection and diagnosis of malaria include: sensitivity, specificity, simplicity in application, unambiguous interpretation, an...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Direct-to-consumer genetic testing came on the scene 2 decades ago as a means for allowing consumers to access their genetic information without the involvement of a physician or genetic counselor. Results are delivered directly to the consumer, often leading to misinterpretation and needless medical interventions or ...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2019.11.003
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe adverse drug reactions are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Some of the most severe reactions are immunologically mediated and have been linked to specific HLA alleles. The mechanisms underlying HLA-associated drug hypersensitivity are complex and not fully understood. Recent findings have provided in...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2018.08.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory viruses continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality. Currently available chemotherapy is limited to oral amantadine for uncomplicated influenza A and aerosolized ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Amantadine is also efficacious for chemoprophylaxis of influenza A virus i...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacologic field that studies antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) has had a major impact on the choice and dosing regimens used for many antibiotics especially those used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. PK/PD parameters are particularly important in light of increasing ...
journal_title:Clinics in laboratory medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.cll.2004.03.009
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00