Modelling food safety and economic consequences of surveillance and control strategies for Salmonella in pigs and pork.

abstract：:American Samoa does not have a hepatitis B vaccination policy for healthcare personnel (HCP). Consequently, hepatitis B has remained a health threat to HCP. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study and examined demographic and risk information and hepatitis B vaccination, testing, and serostatus in hospital...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ly KN,Roberts H,Williams RE,Masunu-Faleafaga Y,Drobeniuc J,Kamili S,Teshale EH

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a major group of HIV transmission in China. High primary drug-resistance (PDR) rate in MSM also represents a serious challenge for the Chinese antiretroviral therapy (ART) program. To assess the efficiency of ART in controlling HIV/AIDS infection among MSM, w...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Lu Z,Wang L,Wang LP,Xing H,Fu G,Yan H,Wang L,Li Z,Xu J,Wang N,Wang K,Peng Z

更新日期：2020-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Piglets between 1 and 40 days of age were inoculated with varying numbers and with different isolates of Streptococcus suis type 2 by the intranasal, intravenous and subarachnoid routes. Less than 100 organisms of an isolate cultured from apparently normal pigs caused subclinical infection in 1-day-old piglets after i...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Robertson ID,Blackmore DK

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intradermal inoculation of four badgers with small numbers of Mycobacterium bovis resulted in localized lesions with ulceration which slowly healed by 5 months after inoculation. Lesions of generalized tuberculosis were seen in three badgers, one of which died at 17 months post-inoculation and in the remaining two...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pritchard DG,Stuart FA,Brewer JI,Mahmood KH

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue is the world's most prevalent mosquito-borne disease, with more than 200 million people each year becoming infected. We used a mechanistic virus transmission model to determine whether climate warming would change dengue transmission in Australia. Using two climate models each with two carbon emission scenarios...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Williams CR,Mincham G,Faddy H,Viennet E,Ritchie SA,Harley D

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cirrhotic patients are prone to having infections, which may aggravate hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the effect of infections on mortality in HE cirrhotic patients is not well described. The National Health Insurance Database, derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Programme, was used to identify 41...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hung TH,Lay CJ,Chang CM,Tsai JJ,Tsai CC,Tsai CC

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus pyogenes (or Group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen responsible for a diverse array of superficial, invasive and immune-related diseases. GAS infections have historically been diseases of poverty and overcrowding, and remain a significant problem in the developing world and in disa...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Barnett TC,Bowen AC,Carapetis JR

更新日期：2018-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In a Belgian wool-processing factory, living anthrax spores were found in raw goat hair and air dust, but confirmed anthrax cases had never been reported. Anthrax vaccines are not licensed nor recommended in Belgium. We conducted a B. anthracis seroprevalence study to investigate risk factors associated with positive ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Kissling E,Wattiau P,China B,Poncin M,Fretin D,Pirenne Y,Hanquet G

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this research was to determine whether trappers in northern Alaska acquired immunity to rabies virus from non-bite exposures while trapping and skinning arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). In coastal Alaska recurring epizootics presumably provide trappers ample opportunity for contact with rabid animals. Ser...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Follmann EH,Ritter DG,Beller M

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Records of absenteeism from primary schools are valuable data for infectious diseases surveillance. However, the analysis of the absenteeism is complicated by the data features of clustering at zero, non-independence and overdispersion. This study aimed to generate an appropriate model to handle the absenteeism data c...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Song XX,Zhao Q,Tao T,Zhou CM,Diwan VK,Xu B

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trimethoprim resistance was examined in faecal bacteria obtained from chickens, sheep, cattle and pigs. The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in porcine strains was 17% (157/922) and, whereas 15.8% (146/922) of these bacteria were highly resistant, only 4% (37/922) of the isolates possessed trimethoprim resistance ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Amyes SG

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of Norwalk-like calicivirus (NLV) gastroenteritis occurred in a rehabilitation centre in southern Finland between December 1999 and February 2000. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the source and extent of the outbreak. More than 300 guests and staff members became ill during the ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Kuusi M,Nuorti JP,Maunula L,Minh Tran NN,Ratia M,Karlsson J,von Bonsdorff CH

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum present in small numbers in heavily contaminated material such as faeces or soil is hampered by the lack of an efficient selective medium and by the high minimum infective dose of the organism. A sensitive method for the detection and isolation of faecal strains of F. necroph...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Smith GR,Barton SA,Wallace LM

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess areas at risk for poliovirus circulation in Ecuador, we first selected provinces at highest risk based on low immunization coverage with three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine, and a low number of reported cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Subsequently, we reviewed discharge data for the period 1996--2...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Dayan GH,Rodríguez R,Vinjé J,Vásconez N,Cáceres V,Gregoricus N,Sobsey M,Landaverde M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The main feature of the epidemiological transition is a shift in the recorded causes of death from infectious diseases to other morbid conditions. This paper outlines modifications made to Omran's original model and stages of transition, and suggests that without a focus on aetiology and morbidity, these have been bas...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mercer AJ

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virus surveillance of Northern Ireland recreational waters, between April 1986 and May 1989 demonstrated widespread enteroviral contamination of coastal and inland waters. In 1986, enteroviruses were detected in 4 of 46 (8.7%) water samples, collected from 6 coastal bathing waters. In 1987, 49 of 107 (45.8%) samples, ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hughes MS,Coyle PV,Connolly JH

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirical data about contact frequencies of children is needed for estimating parameters in mathematical modelling studies that investigate the effect of targeting influenza intervention to children. A survey about the social contacts of school children was conducted in a primary school in Germany. The distribution of...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mikolajczyk RT,Akmatov MK,Rastin S,Kretzschmar M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cluster of Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns was detected in October 2015. Interviews initially identified nut butters, kale, kombucha, chia seeds and nutrition bars as common exposures. Epidemiologic, environmental and traceba...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Heiman Marshall KE,Booth H,Harrang J,Lamba K,Folley A,Ching-Lee M,Hannapel E,Greene V,Classon A,Whitlock L,Shade L,Viazis S,Nguyen T,Neil KP

更新日期：2018-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Strains of Salmonella enteritidis belonging to phage type 4 (SE4) were grown in the peritoneal cavities of chickens, and without subculture on laboratory media examined for inducible in vivo phenotypic characteristics. These bacteria expressed three major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of 33, 35 and 36 kilodaltons (kD...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Chart H,Conway D,Rowe B

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple cases of atypical scrapie in the same holding and co-existence with classical scrapie have been reported in Great Britain. A two-stage simulation tool was developed by combining a sampling algorithm and a hierarchical Bayesian model to simulate the number of positive cases of atypical scrapie from: (i) random...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ortiz-Peláez A,Arnold ME,Vidal-Diez A

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To examine work-related blood and body fluid exposure (BBFE) among health-care workers (HCWs), to explore potential risk factors and to provide policy suggestions, a 6-year retrospective study of all reported BBFE among HCWs (1998-2003) was conducted in a 430-bed teaching hospital in Australia. Results showed that BBF...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bi P,Tully PJ,Pearce S,Hiller JE

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior studies have demonstrated that both bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are strong independent risk factors for subsequent STI. In observational studies of this biological enhancement (BE) hypothesis, it is important to adjust for the risk of STI exposure so that the independent e...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Kenyon C,Buyze J,Klebanoff M,Brotman RM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite rapid urbanization and increasing affluence in Karachi, cases of cholera are frequent. We analysed computerized isolation data from the AKUH Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Karachi, from 1990-6 to examine microbiological, temporal and demographic trends in Vibrio cholerae infections. During this period 888 s...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Sheikh A,Khan A,Malik T,Fisher-Hoch SP

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus was assessed in a Dutch nationwide sample (n = 7367). A questionnaire was used to study the association with various sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 33.8% (95% CI 31.6-36%) of the population had hepatitis A antibodies. The seroprevalence was less than 10% in...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Termorshuizen F,Dorigo-Zetsma JW,de Melker HE,van den Hof S,Conyn-Van Spaendonck MA

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000-2004 from the Que...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Febriani Y,Levallois P,Lebel G,Gingras S

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SUMMARY This study assesses the contribution of different sources of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark using two different source-attribution approaches. In total, 794 non-human isolates and 406 isolates from human cases (domestic, travel related, and cases with unknown travel history) were collected. Isolates were ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Boysen L,Rosenquist H,Larsson JT,Nielsen EM,Sørensen G,Nordentoft S,Hald T

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occupational risk of acquiring minor respiratory infections for paediatric student nurses was estimated by performing serological examinations with influenza A, B, C, parainfluenza, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae at 6-month intervals over a period of 4 years in paediatric ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Gerth HJ,Grüner C,Müller R,Dietz K

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible relationship between the results of a microbiological sampling programme and visual inspections carried out in local food-manufacturing premises was examined. Using five main parameters - overall appearance, personal hygiene, risk of contamination, temperature control, and training and education - a visua...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tebbutt GM,Southwell JM

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates in the USA fell rapidly from 1910 to 1933. However, during this period, racial disparities in TB mortality in the nation's expanding cities grew. Because of long delays between infection and disease, TB mortality is a poor indicator of short-term changes in transmission. We estimated ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Zelner JL,Muller C,Feigenbaum JJ

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe recent epidemiological changes in salmonellosis. Linking 1968-2000 National Salmonella Surveillance System to census data, we calculated population-based age- and sex-stratified rates of non-urinary salmonellosis for the top 30 non-typhoidal serotypes. Using 1996-1997, 1998-1999, and 2000-2001 population-b...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Reller ME,Tauxe RV,Kalish LA,Mølbak K

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00