Abstract:
AIM:Dysregulation of the immune system may play a role in tic disorders. We screened for immune disturbances by investigating serum levels of cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with a tic disorder. METHODS:Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL2R), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) of 66 children and adolescents with a tic disorder and 71 healthy volunteers were compared. We also addressed possible relations between concentrations of the immune markers and severity of tics and comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms. RESULTS:Median serum concentrations did not differ significantly between patients and healthy subjects. Serum IL-2 concentrations were positively associated with tic severity ratings; serum IL-12 concentrations negatively with severity ratings of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:These preliminary findings do not reveal major immune activation in children with a tic disorder but may suggest more subtle disturbances related to disease expression.
journal_name
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatryauthors
Bos-Veneman NG,Bijzet J,Limburg PC,Minderaa RB,Kallenberg CG,Hoekstra PJdoi
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
1390-5issue
8eissn
0278-5846issn
1878-4216pii
S0278-5846(10)00245-9journal_volume
34pub_type
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