Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Search for evidence supporting target age, level of intervention and target values for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane Reviews databases from 1966 to 2007 were searched for articles reporting statin therapy in children and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Retrieved articles were screened for double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS:Seven trials involving 884 patients met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis findings showed significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were significantly increased by statin therapy. Evidence on target level in children was limited to one study attainment of LDL cholesterol treatment target in 60% of the subjects in the treatment group and none in the placebo group reached their target LDL cholesterol. Evidence on the effect of statins on surrogate markers of atherosclerosis was limited to two studies (one RCT on the effect upon the carotid intima-media thickness (n=211; mean difference (MD) -0.01; 95% CI -0.03 to -0.00), and one showing that the mean absolute change in flow-mediated dilation after 28 weeks of statin treatment was significantly higher in the simvastatin group compared to placebo group (MD 2.7%; 95% CI 0.42 to 4.98). CONCLUSIONS:There is no firm evidence regarding when to start statin treatment or what target LDL cholesterol level should be attained. Recent recommendations that favour statins as the first-line drug treatment for hypercholesterolemia are evidence based. Studying high-risk groups (obese or diabetic patients) and incorporating composite end points may help define treatment guidelines.
journal_name
Arch Dis Childjournal_title
Archives of disease in childhoodauthors
Lebenthal Y,Horvath A,Dziechciarz P,Szajewska H,Shamir Rdoi
10.1136/adc.2008.157024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
673-80issue
9eissn
0003-9888issn
1468-2044pii
adc.2008.157024journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Data on acute paediatric anaphylaxis presentations to the emergency department (ED) are limited. All allergic presentations to one Australian paediatric ED were studied to determine epidemiological, clinical, and outcome data. METHODS:Retrospective, case based study of patients under 16 years atten...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2004.069914
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standing height, sitting height, armspan, subischial leg length, head circumference, and growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis were determined in 86 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. The aim of this study was to determine standing height and body proportions and their variability among osteogen...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.80.6.524
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To examine evolution of the physical characteristics of Marfan's syndrome throughout childhood. METHODS:40 children were ascertained during the development of a regional register for Marfan's syndrome. Evolution of the clinical characteristics was determined by repeat evaluation of 10 patients with sporadic Marfan...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.76.1.41
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-accidental injury should be suspected and excluded in any infant found to have intracranial and retinal haemorrhage of unknown aetiology. This can be a sensitive issue for both medical staff and parents. We present a case in which the underlying cause of intracranial and retinal haemorrhage was fibromuscular dyspl...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.84.3.263
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the work of one tertiary paediatric palliative care service in facilitating planned withdrawal of ventilatory support outside the intensive care setting, with the purpose of developing local guidance for practice. METHODS:Retrospective 10-year (2003-2012) case note review of intensive care patients...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-305492
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentration of 27 amino acids in the vitreous humour was analysed in 120 cot deaths. Baseline data for age and postmortem interval are presented and the concentrations compared with the normal reference range for plasma. The results do not indicate that a specific aminoacidopathy is a factor in cot deaths. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.63.6.660
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 11 year old girl developed progressive upper gastrointestinal ulceration and recurrent episodes of intravenous catheter associated polymicrobial septicaemia. Evaluation failed to establish a cause. After exclusion of the parents and careful surveillance of the patient she improved, supporting the diagnosis of suspe...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.9.903
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the bacteriological quality of unpooled expressed breast milk, a pilot bottle sample of each donation was examined before the milk was given to the neonate. Provided the milk did not contain greater than 2500 organisms/ml or potential pathogens it was used unheated. Milk containing between 2500 and 5000 orga...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.54.10.760
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Children with Down syndrome are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and screening is recommended. Diagnosis of OSA should be confirmed with multichannel sleep studies. We aimed to determine whether home pulse oximetry (HPO) discriminates children at high risk of OSA, who need further diagnostic mul...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-314409
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pear shaped non-electrostatic spacer, composed of steel with a volume of 250 ml and equipped with a facemask containing integrated inlet and outlet valves for inspiration and expiration, was compared with three plastic spacers. The plastic spacers were primed with repeated puffs from a budesonide pressurised metered...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/adc.73.3.226
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis rarely presents in the neonatal period. Though treatable, it may be fatal despite modern treatment. The diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis should be considered in any neonate with pneumonia that fails to respond to conventional treatment, particularly in a child from an ethnic or socioeconomic environme...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.61.5.512
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To establish whether subjects with previous evidence of sleep apnoea prior to adenotonsillectomy continue to have evidence of narrower upper airways during sleep, 12 years later. METHODS:Twenty subjects (median age 16 years) underwent repeat sleep studies at home, 12 years after such studies had shown significant...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.86.1.34
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two neonates with spontaneous rupture of the bladder and an otherwise normal genitourinary tract are described. Conservative management resulted in complete resolution of the lesion in one but the other child died from a coliform septicaemia. Necropsy showed a discrete ischaemic lesion in the fundus of the bladder. ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.60.7.676
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three clinically normal sibs were discovered to have type II hyperprolinaemia in a routine serum amino acid screening programme in Sicily. In addition to the basic biochemical features of type II hyperprolinaemia, all 3 children had marked hyperglycinaemia, whereas their parents had both normal blood proline and glyci...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.50.8.637
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a clinical algorithm to identify paediatric patients who should be offered HIV testing in a setting of moderate HIV prevalence and limited resources. METHODS:In a prospective cross-sectional study at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, carers of inpatients were offered HIV testing and...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2009.179143
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases in childhood and is steadily increasing in prevalence. Better characterisation of factors that determine the risk of hospitalisation for atopic asthma in childhood may help design prevention programmes and improve our understanding of disease pathobiology. Thi...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/adc.2006.106278
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-seven cases of prune belly syndrome in children born between 1948 and 1977 are described. They have been classified into three groups according to the state of the urinary tract in the neonatal period. The results achieved in these cases form the basis of our present management. In group I, the most severely aff...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.57.11.856
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured total work of breathing before and after the inhalation of water, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide, given as nebulised solutions, in 39 studies on 25 infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis. Twenty minutes after nebulised water, mean work of breathing per minute was increased by 4% and work per li...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.58.4.279
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of a scale to measure perceived illness experience in young people with cancer is described. Areas of concern were first identified through semistructured interviews conducted with children and adolescents. As a result, 78 items were generated to cover the main areas identified (physical appearance, in...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.72.4.302
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The auditory function of 370 infants, drawn from both low and high risk groups, was tested before postnatal discharge using three tests: standard auditory brain stem responses (ABR), automated analysis of ABR, and automated analysis of evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE). All infants failing any neonatal test had furth...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.66.10_spec_no.1124
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last half century there has been an exponential increase in international travel including to more exotic and long-haul destinations. The assessment of febrile returning child travellers presents diagnostic challenges and is often performed poorly. A detailed travel and medical history, clinical examination...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303196
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine current use of vitamin K (VK) prophylaxis in newborns and review the efficacy and effectiveness of regimens used. DESIGN:Efficacy and effectiveness calculated using current practice details, data from Southern Ireland and two previous surveys, together with contemporaneous studies of vitamin K d...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/adc.2006.105304
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cochlear implantation in one ear (unilateral implantation) has been the standard treatment for severe-profound childhood deafness. We assessed whether cochlear implantation in both ears (bilateral implantation) is associated with better listening skills, higher health-related quality of life (health utility) ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2009.160325
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral oedema is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity during the first day of conventional treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatric patients. It is possible that therapy contributes to its development. Risk factors that predispose to cerebral oedema should lead to an expansion of the intracellul...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/adc.88.2.170
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research in febrile neutropaenia (FN) has focused on reducing the intensity of treatment for those thought to be at low risk of significant morbidity or mortality. This has not led to a reduced burden of treatment for either families or healthcare systems. An alternative approach is to discharge all p...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-317908
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To ascertain whether the reduction in nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes induced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCV) administered to infants persists beyond the age of 2 years. METHODS:Non-randomised, unblinded controlled study of 2-5 year old children who had received three doses of heptavalent Pn...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.88.3.211
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A children's hospital nutritional care team prospectively monitored the frequency of sepsis in central venous catheters used for administering parenteral nutrition. During an initial study period of 12 months, 26/58 (45%) of catheters were removed because of proved sepsis. The possible causes of this alarmingly high r...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.66.3.335
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four children with chronic diarrhoea and perianal excoriation after a pull-through operation for Hirschsprung's disease have been shown to have increased but not markedly raised levels of faecal bile acids. Bile acid analysis of the 'bile-rich' duodenal fluid obtained after pancreozymin stimulation in 3 of the patient...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.50.3.243
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A significant proportion of children with anorectal malformations have long term problems with faecal continence. The psychological consequences of this chronic disability was assessed in 160 children and adolescents. The prevalence of clinically significant emotional problems among the sample overall, as assessed by ...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.71.3.194
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Perinatal stress is thought to underlie the Barker sequelae of low birth weight, of which precocious pubarche may be a manifestation. AIMS:To explore whether prematurity as well as smallness for gestational age (SGA) predisposes to precocious pubarche, and the potential role of excess weight gain during chi...
journal_title:Archives of disease in childhood
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/adc.2004.053959
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00