Abstract:
:Nanoparticles present a new collection of contrast agents for the field of in vivo molecular imaging. This review focuses on promising molecular imaging probes for optical and magnetic resonance imaging based on four representative nanomaterial(s) platforms: quantum dots, upconversion phosphors, superparamagnetic iron oxides, and dendrimer-based agents. Quantum dots are extremely efficient fluorescent nanoparticles with size-tunable emission properties, enabling high sensitivity and greater depth penetration. Their heavy metal composition and long retention in the body, however, pose concerns for clinical translational applications. Upconversion phosphors generate excellent signal-to-background contrast because they emit light with higher energy than the excitation photons and autofluorescence signals. For MRI, iron oxide particles also generate excellent signal and have been used in liver imaging and for cell tracking studies. As they are metabolized through endogenous iron salvage pathways, they have already been introduced as clinical contrast agents. Lastly, dendrimers, a 'soft' nanoparticle, can be used as a structural basis for the attachment of small molecule imaging agents and/or targeting groups. This array of nanoparticles should offer insights into the uses and potentials of nanoparticles for the molecular imaging.
journal_name
Mol Membr Bioljournal_title
Molecular membrane biologyauthors
Rosenblum LT,Kosaka N,Mitsunaga M,Choyke PL,Kobayashi Hdoi
10.3109/09687688.2010.481640subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
274-85issue
7eissn
0968-7688issn
1464-5203journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nedd4 family ubiquitin ligases regulate trafficking and degradation of numerous target substrates in different cellular compartments, including at the plasma membrane, in endosomes, in the secretory pathway and in the nucleus. WWP1 is a Nedd4 family protein closely related to mouse Itch and Drosophila Su(dx), both of ...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09687860600665010
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::'No cellular organelle has been the subject of as many, as long-lasting or as diverse polemics as the Golgi apparatus'. This statement was made by Whaley almost 30 years ago in the book The Golgi Apparatus and still holds true today, perhaps more then ever. Why is this? How come something as mundane as a series of int...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/0968768031000114024
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that a mixture of cerebrosides obtained from dried tubers of herb Typhonium giganteum Engl. plays a neuroprotective role in the ischemic brain through its effect on activation of BK(Ca) channels. It is very curious to know whether a single pure cerebroside compound could activate the BK(Ca) ch...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2010.538731
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a reactive aldehyde and a lipid peroxidation product formed in biological tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Its concentration increases with oxidative stress and induces deleterious modifications of proteins and membranes. Mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms of cr...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2015.1023376
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (SLC29) are a family of proteins that transport nucleosides, nucleobases and nucleoside analogue drugs across cellular membranes. ENT1 is expressed ubiquitously in mammalian tissues and responsible for a significant portion of nucleoside analog drug uptake in humans. Despite the i...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2011.604861
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids (rafts), and specific proteins are involved in important physiological functions. However their structure, size and stability are still controversial. Given that detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are in the liquid-ordered state and are rich in raft-like c...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2014.949319
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular-targeted drug delivery systems could provide more efficient and effective pharmaceutical interventions for treating a variety of diseases including cardiovascular, pulmonary, inflammatory, and malignant disorders. However, several factors must be taken into account when designing these systems. The diverse bl...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687688.2010.499548
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Notch is a vitally important signalling receptor controlling cell fate determination and pattern formation in numerous ways during development of both invertebrate and vertebrate species. An intriguing pathway for the Notch signal has emerged where, after ligand-dependent proteolysis, an intracellular fragment of the ...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687680110112929
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of BHK fibroblasts with V. cholerae sialidase for 20 min caused the breakdown of about 70% of total cellular ganglioside GM3 and the production of an approximately equivalent amount of lactosylceramide. On removal of the enzyme, a slow resynthesis of GM3 from lactosylceramide was observed, equivalent to abou...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687689709044325
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entry of substrates into, and the export of glururonides from, the lumen of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vitro (sealed microsomes) has been measured using radioactivity-labelled materials and a rapid filtration assay. Analysis of liver microsomes from a jaundiced patient showed the accumulation of bilirub...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687689509072429
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modification of proteins with the lipid palmitate, a process called palmitoylation, is important for the normal function of neuronal cells. However, most attention has focused on how palmitoylation regulates the targeting and trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors and non-enzymatic scaffold proteins. In this review...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687688.2016.1182652
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::That some membranes restrict certain lipid species to one side of the bilayer and others to the opposite side has been known for two decades. However, how this asymmetric transbilayer distribution is generated and controlled, how many and what type of membranes are so structured, and even the reason for its existence ...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687689409160430
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors that couple to G-proteins. They appear to be involved in various behavioural and cognitive functions. This paper reports an efficient strategy to solubilize 5-HT1A receptors from bovine hippocampal membranes using t...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09687680210149586
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Solid-state NMR combined with sample deuteration was used to probe the proximity of the low-affinity substrate D-glucose to its binding site within the Escherichia coli sugar transport protein GalP. Samples of E. coli inner membranes with amplified expression of GalP were incubated in D(2)O with D-[(13)C(6)]glucose an...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2012.743193
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), a common human inherited haemolytic anaemia, is associated with partial deficiency of different erythrocyte membrane proteins. In a subset of dominant HS, a partial membrane expression deficiency of band 3, the erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE1), have previously been characterized, and se...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/096876899294526
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caveolae are approximately 50-100 nm membrane micro-invaginations associated with the plasma membrane of a wide variety of cells. Although they were first identified in transmission electron micrographs approximately 40 years ago, their exact function(s) has remained controversial. Two well-established functions inclu...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687689509038506
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic endomembrane system (ES) is served by hundreds of dedicated proteins. Experimental characterization of the ES-associated molecular machinery in several model eukaryotes complemented by a recent progress in phylogenomics and comparative genomics have revealed a conserved complex core of the machinery tha...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687688.2010.521201
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Notch receptor signalling plays a central role in development and its misfunction has been linked to a number of diseases. In the cannonical Notch signalling pathway, ligand binding to Notch activates a series of proteolytic cleavages that release the Notch intracellular domain for trafficking to the nucleus, where it...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687860500129778
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time and distance scales in membranes are discussed in relation to the inference of domain structure from spectroscopic measurements. Each type of spectroscopy has a natural time scale set by the magnitude of the interactions that determine the spectral width. For fluid membranes, the lateral diffusion of the lipid mo...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687689509038489
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant progress has been made in membrane protein engineering over the last 5 years, based largely on the re-design of existing scaffolds. Engineering techniques that have been employed include direct genetic engineering, both covalent and non-covalent modification, unnatural amino acid mutagenesis and total synt...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687680410001716853
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transporter SbtA is a high affinity Na+-dependent HCO3- uptake system present in a majority of cyanobacterial clades. It functions in conjunction with CO2 uptake systems and other HCO3- uptake systems to allow cyanobacteria to accumulate high levels of HCO3- used to support efficient photosynthetic CO2 fixation vi...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2011.593049
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotransmitter transporters are regulated through a variety of signal transduction mechanisms which appear to operate in order to maintain appropriate levels of transmitter in the synaptic cleft. One such mechanism is the trafficking of the transporter in association with synaptic vesicle release machinery. This rep...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionotropic glutamate receptors belong to the superfamily of P-loop channels as well as K(+), Na(+), and Ca(2+) channels. However, the structural similarity between ion channels of the glutamate receptors and K(+) channels is a matter of discussion. The aim of this study was to analyze differences between the structure...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09687860601008806
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine involves epithelial exposure to potentially harmful molecules such as bile salts and free fatty acids. We used organ culture of porcine jejunal explants incubated with a pre-digested mixture of fat (plant oil), bile and pancreatin to mimick the physiological process of ...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2013.780642
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are plasma membrane spatial microdomains constructed of assemblies of channel proteins called connexins in vertebrates and innexins in invertebrates. The channels provide direct intercellular communication pathways allowing rapid exchange of ions and metabolites up to approximately 1 kD in size. Approxim...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687680210139839
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter Atm1p of the mitochondrial inner membrane performs crucial roles in both the biogenesis of cytosolic/nuclear iron-sulfur proteins and cellular iron homeostasis. Since the function of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery is also required for these two...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09687860500473630
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane proteins are ubiquitous in biology and are key targets for therapeutic development. Despite this, our structural understanding has lagged behind that of their soluble counterparts. This review provides an overview of this important field, focusing in particular on the recent resurgence of electron microscopy ...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/09687688.2016.1221533
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation-based therapies aided by nanoparticles have been developed for decades, and can be primarily categorized into two main platforms. First, delivery of payload of photo-reactive drugs (photosensitizers) using the conventional nanoparticles, and second, design and development of photo-triggerable nanoparticles (...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/09687688.2010.507788
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work from our laboratory has established bovine hippocampal membranes as a convenient natural source for studying neuronal receptors such as the G-protein coupled serotonin1A receptor. In this paper, we have explored the organization and dynamics of bovine hippocampal membranes using environment-sensitive and...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/09687860600803223
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances have revealed much about the signaling events and molecular components associated with autophagy. Although it is clear that there are multiple points of intersection and connection between autophagy and known vesicular membrane transport processes between membrane compartments, autophagy is modulated b...
journal_title:Molecular membrane biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/09687688.2013.850178
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00