Abstract：
:Epidemiologists and health survey statisticians must be aware of their many responsibilities to study participants during all phases of the investigation. Safeguards for the subject's welfare and privacy must be considered during the planning of the study, recruitment of participants, conducting the interviews or examinations, maintaining the records, and analyzing and disseminating the information. In order to achieve maximum participation and candor of study respondents, the importance and purposes of the study and the safeguards for protecting the respondents' privacy and minimizing risks must be clearly explained. All staff must be carefully trained as to their responsibilities for protecting the privacy and safety for the participants. Adherence to these principles will promote the collection and dissemination of quality data while minimizing the risks and burdens to study participants.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Feinleib Mdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(91)90179-dsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
73S-79Seissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(91)90179-Djournal_volume
44 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To review James Jackson's analysis of bloodletting among pneumonitis patients at the newly founded Massachusetts General Hospital, in which he implemented the numerical method advocated by Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The study sample included 34 cases of clinically diagnosed pne...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.10.013
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In many observational studies, the association between drugs and disease is analyzed with information from a baseline interview. We investigated the magnitude and direction of exposure misclassification by comparing interview data at baseline with prospectively gathered pharmacy data. METHODS:...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.017
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health screening is defined as the use of a test or a series of tests to detect unrecognized health risks or preclinical disease in apparently healthy populations to permit prevention and timely intervention. A health screening strategy consists of the sequence of a screening test, confirmatory test(s), and finally, t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.009
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical trials increasingly use results of diagnostic tests as surrogate outcomes. Our objective was to answer the following questions: (1) is the parameter measured by the reference standard a valid surrogate? (2) How does the tests accuracy influence the estimate of the treatment benefit on...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.024
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the theory of a U-shaped association between time from the first presentation of symptoms in primary care to the diagnosis (the diagnostic interval) and mortality after diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three population-based studies in Denmark and the United Kingdom usin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.12.006
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient-administered instrument for dyspepsia and symptoms suggestive of duodenal or gastric ulcer, based on the type of questions asked when taking a patient's history, was developed and tested using the following steps: literature reviews, devising the questions, testing the responses to the questions using factor...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00584-6
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was examined in a cohort of homosexual men infected with HIV-1 for long periods. Multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by clinical indication (below and above 500 CD4 cells/microl or prior AIDS), were used to determine predictors of ART naivete. Of the 673 men seen at vis...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00274-2
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A new strategy to manage conflicts of interests (COIs) of a clinical guideline's panelists gives primary responsibility to a methodologist, puts equal emphasis on intellectual and financial COIs, and excludes panelists with primary conflicts from drafting or voting on recommendations. We explored the views of...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.12.013
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of determinants of recurrent disease often give unexpected results. In particular, well-established risk factors may seem not to have much influence on the recurrence risk. Recently, it has been argued that such paradoxical findings may be because of the bias caused by the selection of patients based on the oc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.023
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review critically appraises 22 recent articles of trials of physical activity, as a means of reducing blood pressure. The quality of the literature remains poor and of the 13 controlled trials of habitual activity only one did not have a major design fault. Overall, blood pressure was reduced by physical activity...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assesses psychometric properties of the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) and present population norms and demographic risk factors for low 3MS scores. The subjects were 885 persons aged 65 and older who took the 3MS as part of the Stirling County Study, a population-based longitudinal study of adult re...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00111-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The use of then-test (retrospective pre-test) scores has frequently been proposed as a solution to potential confounding of change scores because of response shift, as it is assumed that then-test and post-test responses are provided from the same perspective. However, this assumption has not been formally te...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop a theory-led framework to inform reviewers' understanding of what, how, and why health care interventions may lead to differential effects across socioeconomic groups. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A metaframework approach combined two theoretical perspectives (socioeconomic health inequalities and co...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.08.008
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to assess if there is evidence of publication bias in prognostic accuracy studies of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) for adverse perinatal outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We queried PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov an...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.016
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:This study describes the conceptual foundation and psychometric properties of the Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS), a patient-reported health status assessment designed to quantify the physical, cognitive, and psychological burden of stroke. METHODS:Qualitative research methods were used to devel...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.016
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The different measurement properties necessary for instruments whose goal is to detect differences between subjects at a single point in time (discriminative instruments) and those whose goal is to detect longitudinal change within subjects (evaluative instruments) is becoming increasingly recognized. Up to now, requi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90194-r
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Adding risk factors to a prediction model often increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) only slightly, particularly when the AUC of the model was already high. We investigated whether a risk factor that minimally improves the AUC may nevertheless improve the predictive abili...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.002
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of abbreviated literature searches on evidence syntheses conclusions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We randomly selected 60 Cochrane reviews of clinical interventions and repeated literature searches using 14 abbreviated approaches (combinations of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL with and without s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.05.022
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the relationship between characteristics of stroke victims and the risk of early death from coronary or cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) among their children. For each of 55 stroke patients selected from a registry which enrolled patients between 1969 and 1973, an index of their progeny's survival was calcul...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90055-t
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the discriminative properties of the methods for diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) in unselected patients. The study design was a systematic review of evaluation studies identified by using Medline, by searching reference lists, by hand searches, and by contacting inv...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00213-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Intervention Modeling Experiments (IMEs) are a way of developing and testing behavior change interventions before a trial. We aimed to test this methodology in a Web-based IME that replicated the trial component of an earlier, paper-based IME. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three-arm, Web-based randomized evaluat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study tested the impact of web administration on well-established measures of children's physical function and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Participants were recruited from clinics at six hospitals. They completed the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Invento...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.011
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quality of life and functional health were measured cross-sectionally for 314 adult ambulatory primary care patients in a rural clinic and found to be much better for patients with low severity of illness who required no confinement to home because of health problems, than for patients with high severity of illness wh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90171-i
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Several methods exist to calculate sample size for the difference of proportions (risk difference). Researchers are often unaware that there are different formulae, different underlying assumptions, and what the impact of choice of formula is on the calculated sample size. The aim of this study was to discus...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.008
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The STAndards for Reporting studies of Diagnostic accuracy (STARD) for investigators and editors and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) for reviewers and readers offer guidelines for the quality and reporting of test accuracy studies. These guidelines address and propose some solu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.007
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the placebo in a clinical trial is often considered simply a baseline against which to evaluate the efficacy of a clinical intervention, there is evidence that the magnitude of placebo effect may be a critical factor in determining the results of a trial. This article examines the question of whether devices ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00206-7
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this study were to evaluate the current state of reporting and handling of effect modification in network meta-analyses (NMAs) and perform exploratory analyses to identify variables that are potentially associated with incomplete reporting of effect modifiers in NMAs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTI...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.004
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Epidemiologic studies commonly estimate associations between predictors (risk factors) and outcome. Most software automatically exclude subjects with missing values. This commonly causes bias because missing values seldom occur completely at random (MCAR) but rather selectively based on other (...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.009
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study assesses the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the UK version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-UK). The instrument was anglicised and administered by self-completed postal questionnaire to 959 patients recruited from general practices in the North East of England. A total of 655 (68.3%) pat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00352-3
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal studies estimating the association between disability and mortality in the elderly population have typically assumed disability constant through the follow-up study period. Current knowledge indicates that such assumptions may not be appropriate. Our purpose was to examine this association (disa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00201-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
