Abstract：
:The different measurement properties necessary for instruments whose goal is to detect differences between subjects at a single point in time (discriminative instruments) and those whose goal is to detect longitudinal change within subjects (evaluative instruments) is becoming increasingly recognized. Up to now, requirements for evaluative instruments have been presented as reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness (i.e. the ability to detect change over time). An alternative conceptualization would characterize any instrument as requiring two crucial measurement properties. One is validity, the other a high ratio of signal to noise. For discriminative instruments, the signal to noise ratio can be summarized in a reliability coefficient; for evaluative instruments, in a responsiveness index or coefficient. This formulation can simplify and clarify the understanding and teaching of issues in health status measurement.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Guyatt GH,Kirshner B,Jaeschke Rdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(92)90194-rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
1341-5issue
12eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(92)90194-Rjournal_volume
45pub_type
评论,杂志文章abstract：:Studies of determinants of recurrent disease often give unexpected results. In particular, well-established risk factors may seem not to have much influence on the recurrence risk. Recently, it has been argued that such paradoxical findings may be because of the bias caused by the selection of patients based on the oc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.023
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:When studying the effects of a non-pharmacologic intervention, the choice of a control group is often difficult. In a study on the effectiveness of increased water intake on voiding dysfunction in elderly men we used an unusual design. This article addresses the internal validty and ethics of this design. ST...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.08.009
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed validity and reliability of data on four serious pregnancy complications and gestational age in two national registers, the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the National Register of Hospital Discharges (NRHD). From a cohort of all women in Denmark who gave birth to their first and second singleton infant i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(96)00018-2
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In multisite human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) observational cohorts, clustering of observations often occurs within sites. Ignoring clustering may lead to "Simpson's paradox" (SP) where the trend observed in the aggregated data is reversed when the groups are separated. This study aimed to investigate the ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.030
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the factor structure of the Missoula Vitas Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI) in palliative care patients in South Africa and Uganda and to assess the tool's appropriateness for measuring quality of life (QOL) in this context. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional survey using the MVQOLI, a 26-item...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.12.013
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article (Part II) and the preceding article (Part I) report the development of two clinical staging systems for HIV-infected individuals. The objective of the research reported here (Part II) was to construct a clinical staging system to predict survival in patients with AIDS. We analyzed data from VA Cooperative...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00182-0
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, cost-minimization study, from the perspective of the Ministry of Health, to compare the cost of managing cancer patients who required narcotic infusions, in hospital and at home. Our medical costs averaged $369.72 per inpatient day and $150.24 per outpatient day (saving $2...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90043-9
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A literature search identified eight articles containing data on both baldness and coronary artery disease (CAD). Three of these articles described case-control studies that showed a positive relationship between baldness and CAD when controlling for CAD risk factors. Three other case-control studies showed no such re...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90026-l
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports a prospective study, carried out in elderly patients hospitalized for acute illness, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment from the point of view of quality of life (QoL). Patient's autoperception and satisfaction with health, the most relevant subjective estimates of QoL, were...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00237-k
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To characterize the impact of multiple Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews on multicenter observational research studies, and identify strategies for overcoming the identified challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using PubMed, we identified empirical studies, anecdotal reports, and opinion ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.018
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In this study, we assessed the validity of maternally self-reported history of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from prenatal questionnaires and one questionnaire obtained 2 months postpar...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.010
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderate consumers of alcohol have lower mortality than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. This systematic review aimed to quantify the level of alcohol consumption (termed the nadir) at which the lowest mortality occurs. Twenty cohort studies reported analyses of all-cause mortality for at least three categories o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00076-1
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation between alcoholic beverage consumption and bladder cancer risk was investigated using data from a case-control study conducted between 1985 and 1992 in two areas of northern Italy. Cases were 727 patients with incident, histologically confirmed bladder cancer, and controls 1,067 patients admitted to the s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00397-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The level of agreement between index and proxy respondents on assessment of health status of clinical cohorts is variable. There is limited information regarding agreement between cardiac surgery patients and their proxies, and levels of agreement examined across repeated measures. This study e...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.06.010
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trialists argue about the usefulness of stratified randomization. For investigators designing trials and readers who use them, the argument has created uncertainty regarding the importance of stratification. In this paper, we review stratified randomization to summarize its purpose, indications, accomplishments, and a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00138-3
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to identify factors affecting the use of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, specifically authors' attitudes toward and experiences with it. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:An online survey was distributed to authors of observa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.019
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a questionnaire with which to measure quality of life (QoL) in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty-two caregivers and 96 OA patients were interviewed individually (using cognitive and face-to-face techniques) and in focus groups. A group of experts worki...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.04.011
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) is a previously unreported condition which affected more than 20,000 people in Spain in 1981 and whose natural history is unknown. In 1993-94, a stratified random sample of 1400 survivors was drawn to measure their health status through clinical examination and their self-perception of well-be...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00062-6
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the relationship between age at natural menopause and total mortality as well as mortality from ischemic heart disease in a cohort of 6182 California Seventh-Day Adventist women who reported a natural menopause. During follow-up from 1976 through 1988, there were 1831 deaths. A total of 308 deaths due to is...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00170-x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to identify determinants of external validity of prognostic models. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We systematically searched for studies reporting prognostic models of heart failure (HF) and examined their performance for predicting 30-day death in a cohort of consecutive 3,452 acu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.01.011
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Systematic reviews (SRs) are convenient summaries of evidence for health care practitioners. They form a basis for clinical practice guidelines and suggest directions for new research. SRs are most helpful if they are current; however, most of them are not being updated. This SR summarizes strategies and meth...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.03.008
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a common atherosclerotic disorder among the elderly population. Scarce data are available on the risk of nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular diseases in these subjects. We investigated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of asymptomatic PAOD subjec...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.003
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature of variability in menstrual function has not been adequately described or quantified across the reproductive life span. This article evaluates the applicability of the bipartite model approach to the analysis of menstrual data and the relative importance of within-woman variability across the reproductive l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00202-4
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Some authors of Cochrane overviews have also (co-)authored one or more of the underlying reviews. We examined the extent of dual (co-)authorship in Cochrane overviews, how it is dealt with, and whether the issue is raised in protocols. STUDY DESIGN:The Cochrane Library was searched for overviews and protocol...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.008
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated asthma morbidity in children and adults among Registered Indians in Saskatchewan using hospitalization data for 1970-1989. In Registered Indians, significant increases were observed in the asthma hospitalization rates from 1979 to 1989 in boys and girls under 4 years, boys aged 5-14 years, and female a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00019-z
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to estimate the presence and extent to which potentially unnecessary and therefore maybe wasteful clinical trials regarding relevant interventions and outcomes in major clinical areas had been conducted. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From current Cochrane collaboration systematic reviews in majo...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.003
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To address methodologic issues in searching for observational studies by presenting database search methods and results. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Results of two literature searches for publications reporting on observational studies of alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer and large bowel cancer ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:To systematically investigate location bias of controlled clinical trials in complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). METHODS:Literature searches were performed to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which were used to retrieve controlled clinical trials. Trials were categorised by whether they ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00220-6
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate how decision analytic models (DAMs) can be used to quantify impact of using a (diagnostic or prognostic) prediction model in clinical practice and provide general guidance on how to perform such assessments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A DAM was developed to assess the impact of using the HEART s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.010
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Estimates of minimal clinically important improvements (MCIIs) are larger among patients with higher values at baseline, suggesting that these patients require larger changes to appreciate improvements. We examined if baseline dependency of MCIIs was associated with specific patients across three measures, or...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.025
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
