Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Recent findings suggest that both low and very high fasting blood glucose concentrations may be linked with depression, though whether type 2 diabetes is associated with depression may depend on awareness of the diagnosis. We explored the association between fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (undiagnosed and diagnosed) and depression in middle-aged men. METHODS:Participants were 4293 US veterans who underwent an examination during which fasting blood glucose was measured, major depression diagnosed using DSM-III criteria, and depressive symptoms assessed with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scale for depression. RESULTS:Compared with those with normal fasting glucose, men with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes had nearly double the odds of major depression, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.80 (1.01, 3.22), and men with diagnosed diabetes had triple the odds of major depression, 3.82 (1.68, 8.70), after adjustment for confounding variables. Men with undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes had higher MMPI depression scores. There was no curvilinear association between fasting glucose and depression (p > .45). CONCLUSIONS:These findings do not support a U-shaped association between fasting glucose and depression. They suggest that the positive association between type 2 diabetes and depression extends beyond those who are aware they have the disease.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Gale CR,Kivimaki M,Lawlor DA,Carroll D,Phillips AC,Batty GDdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-15 00:00:00pages
189-92issue
2eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(09)01120-2journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The subjective sleep disturbance in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including the repetitive, stereotypical anxiety dream, suggests dysfunctional rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms. The polysomnograms of a group of physically healthy combat veterans with current PTSD were compared with those of an age-app...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
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doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)91152-5
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.009
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00190-x
更新日期：1997-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90117-0
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.036
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01490-7
更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00134-6
更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01670-0
更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90077-q
更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01274-4
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.013
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.004
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
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更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.033
更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.010
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.001
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01783-3
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mismatch negativity (MMN), in the deviant-minus-standard event-related potential (ERP) difference-waveform, may represent a working memory trace of the tone difference. Most but not all studies find MMN reduced in schizophrenic patients. This report investigates if differences may be attributable to experimental condi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00214-4
更新日期：1997-06-15 00:00:00
