Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Emerging antibiotic resistance in common pathogens is a worldwide problem known to be related to inappropriate overuse of antibiotics. Wide variability in antibiotic use throughout the world is because of various factors, including socio-cultural differences. OBJECTIVE:To study the rate of antibiotic prescribing for common outpatient illnesses and the various disease, patient, physician and health facility characteristics, which influence this in primary and secondary healthcare settings in Uttar Pradesh. METHODS:After sampling of health facilities - both private and government, rural and urban, a cross-sectional survey of prescriptions for patients presenting with runny or blocked nose, cough, sore throat, diarrhoea or fever without localizing symptoms was conducted. Information on disease, patient, physician and facility characteristics was collected. Outcome factors: antibiotic prescription and group of antibiotic prescribed. No intervention was made. RESULTS:Overall antibiotic prescription rate was 81.8%. It was significantly higher in urban private than in government settings, and higher in rural than in urban settings. Presence of fever prompted antibiotic use across all strata. Lower age of patients and higher socioeconomic status were associated with higher antibiotic use. Patient requests for antibiotics were very rare. Specialist practices with staff with higher qualifications and better opportunities for updating knowledge were associated with lower antibiotic prescribing. Government health-facilities with larger staff complement and better infrastructure was associated with lower prescribing rates. The most common antimicrobial agents used were the penicillin, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. Injection use paralleled antibiotic use. CONCLUSIONS:These data on overprescribing of antibiotics can be used to design educational programs for physicians working in these settings.
journal_name
J Clin Pharm Therjournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeuticsauthors
Kumar R,Indira K,Rizvi A,Rizvi T,Jeyaseelan Ldoi
10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00960.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
625-34issue
6eissn
0269-4727issn
1365-2710pii
JCP960journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Upregulation of oligopeptide transport activity by dietary protein, certain dipeptides and amino acids has been reported in the rat intestine and a human intestinal cell line. OBJECTIVE:In this study, the pharmacokinetics of cefdinir were investigated after L-phenylalanine supplementation and a high-protein...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00826.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Gabapentin, a γ-aminobutyric acid derivative, is used for the treatment of partial onset seizures, postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and a host of other neurological disorders. CASE DESCRIPTION:A 44-year-old woman with spinal stenosis was prescribed gabapentin for pain. Two months...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12840
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death. Correct implementation of evidence-based guidelines should improve outcome. We conducted this study to determine to what extent management of ACS in a tertiary care medical ward in Sri Lanka adhered to current guidelines. STUDY METHOD...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01115.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen different brands of topical creams were tested in duplicate for microbial growth. The efficacy of their preservation was assessed, when possible, by standard pharmacopoeial procedures. Microbial growth was demonstrated in cultures from all specimens. However, high counts (> 10(4) c.f.u./g) were obtained from ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00808.x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paper describes an in-depth study of the parenteral fat emulsions, Intralipid 20% and Ivelip 20%. A large number of emulsion samples from separate containers and batches was sampled. The parameters measured were droplet size (both by photon correlation and laser diffraction), pH and zeta potential. These parameter...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1993.tb00578.x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate if once-daily dose (ODD) regimens of tobramycin attain pharmacodynamic goals using individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring of critically ill patients with creatinine clearance (Clcr) over 60 mL/min. METHODS:Fifty-one adult critically ill patients treated with intravenous tobramycin with ODD wer...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2003.00539.x
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Polypharmacy has a significant impact on patients' health with overall expenditure on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines representing a substantial burden in terms of cost of treatment. The aim of this study, which was conducted within the framework of a European Project funded by the European...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12601
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Scabies is recognized as a neglected tropical disease responsible for a substantial health and economic burden, especially in resource-poor communities around the world. COMMENT:There are relatively few current treatment options for scabies, and they possess important limitations. The treat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12631
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The optimal administration of liquid medications requires accurate dose delivery. This is particularly important in the treatment of infants and children, as well as elderly people, who are more sensitive to dosage errors. Previous studies revealed significant dosage inaccuracies with measuring...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01082.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The major clinical complication of statins is a variety of muscle complaints ranging from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. There is growing evidence that carriers of genetic polymorphisms in the enzymes and transporters implicated in statin disposition, particularly the SLCO1B1 gene, are at increa...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01337.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib in Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the relationship between erlotinib exposure and the occurrence of interstitial lung disease (ILD)-like events. METHODS:Population pharmaco...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12232
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Imatinib is a specific BCR/ABL inhibitor, commonly used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a hematological malignancy resulting from a chromosomal translocation that generates the BCR/ABL fusion protein. Recent studies showed that the imatinib has cytotoxic and apoptotic e...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01224.x
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of 500 mg ornidazole vaginal ovules (VO) and vaginal tablets (VT) in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. METHOD:Patients were allocated at random to one group of 50 subjects to be treated with a VO (500 mg) prepared in our laboratory and to a second group of 50 subjects to be treate...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2003.00472.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Two NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PIs), telaprevir and boceprevir, were recently approved in the United States. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of triple therapies including either PI to dual therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1; the secondary ob...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12106
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Moxifloxacin is a new fluorquinolone with broad-spectrum activity. It is suitable for treating peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The objective of this study was to test stability of moxifloxacin in PD solutions stored at different temperatures. METHODS:Dialysis solution bags we...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00758.x
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Budesonide, an oral glucocorticoid indicated for the treatment of Crohn's disease, rarely interferes with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis because more than 80% of it is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. CASE SUMMARY:A 33-year-old female patient diagnosed with Crohn's disease, ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12312
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in African-Americans with normal renal function with published adult population values. DESIGN:An Institutional Review Board approved concurrent study. SETTING:The study was conducted at Howard University Hospital, Washington DC. SUBJECTS:All subjects had serum cr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00130.x
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The complexity and diversity of irritable bowel syndrome's (IBS) presentation make treatment difficult. Although there are reviews and guidelines for treating IBS, they focus on the efficacy of medications for IBS symptoms using high-priority endpoints, leaving those of lower priority largel...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01177.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists delay gastric and bowel emptying. A similar inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gallbladder motility has been suggested, possibly leading to an increased risk of cholecystitis related to incretin-based medications, which include GLP-1 antagonists. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12373
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caffeine elimination was studied in 73 patients admitted to an intensive care unit, 33 of whom had liver disease. Mean plasma clearance of caffeine in patients with no liver disease (1.30 +/- 0.79 ml/kg/min) was significantly higher than in patients with liver disease (0.39 +/- 0.23 ml/kg/min). Mean half-life of caffe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00621.x
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe sore throat management by primary care physicians in Poland. METHODS:We sent questionnaires to all primary care doctors in Podlaskie voievodship (north-eastern Poland) with clinical vignettes depicting patients with symptoms of sore throat. The probability of bacterial (streptococcal) infection w...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00894.x
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The application of population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) appears increasingly in drug labelling. The current study was to examine the use of PopPK in dose recommendation in drug-product labels. METHOD:PopPK information was identified in the data sheets included in the physician desk reference (P...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00799.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Pregabalin is used for neuropathic and postherpetic pain and generalized anxiety. The aim of this study was to obtain the onset profiles of adverse events (AE) related to falls (AEFs) such as "somnolence," "dizziness," "loss of consciousness" and "fall" onset and several clinical factor comb...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12790
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The penetration of generic drugs in the Greek pharmaceutical market is placed among the weakest in the EU. The Greek regulatory framework does not systematically support the development of this subsector and physicians are not provided with incentives for prescribing generics. The aim of this s...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01037.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:5-Azacitidine (AZA) is an agent widely used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). CASE DESCRIPTION:We herein report an 83-year-old woman diagnosed with MDS who was treated with AZA. She tolerated the first cycle of AZA; however, severe adverse events involving haemorrhagic enteritis with...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/jcpt.13146
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Moringa oleifera (MO) Lam (Moringaceae) is commonly used as food supplement and as medicine in most African countries where malaria is also endemic. Therefore, co-administration of MO with antimalarials is a possibility. This study investigated the effects of MO leaves powder on the pharmaco...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12725
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Tacrolimus, a widely used immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation, has a narrow therapeutic window. It has been suggested that its interaction with lansoprazole could be dependent on polymorphisms of CYP3A5 and CYP2C19. The objective of this study was to investigate how, 1 year afte...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01163.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:Vancomycin is the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and shows time-dependent bacterial killing. The current study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of vancomycin and explored its optimal dosing regimens by modeling and...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jcpt.12123
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the contribution of patient and doctor characteristics in explaining observed variations in prescribing costs between individual doctors. METHOD:Secondary analysis of data collected from general practitioners, Family Health Services Authorities, 1991 Census data set and the Prescription Pricin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00371.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE:The development of rapid diagnostics has revolutionized antimicrobial stewardship with efforts targeting earlier de-escalation or discontinuation of antibiotics. The respiratory viral panel (RVP) is one tool quickly able to detect common viral and bacterial pathogens using polymerase chain r...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jcpt.13326
更新日期:2020-12-05 00:00:00