Abstract：
:Cognitive therapy for depression is based on an assumption that depressed individuals have inaccurate, negative biases. Whether this assumption is accurate remains unresolved. Thus, this study sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and bias in three sets of predictions (i.e., predictions of future life events, how one would be rated by a significant other, and performance on a vocabulary test). Following study announcements made to a subset of people pre-screened for depressive symptoms, 85 participants with widely varying depressive symptoms (17 of whom met diagnostic criteria for depression) made predictions on three judgment tasks and the outcomes for these tasks were assessed. Optimistic/pessimistic biases were related to depressive symptoms for each of the three tasks. Participants with high levels of depressive symptoms and depressed participants exhibited substantial pessimistic bias. Those high in depressive symptoms exhibited significant pessimistic bias on all three tasks. Participants meeting diagnostic criteria for depression exhibited pessimistic bias on two of three tasks. There was no evidence that depressive symptoms were associated with greater accuracy in judgments. Results are largely consistent with cognitive models of depression which postulate that depression is associated with pessimistic biases.
journal_name
Behav Res Therjournal_title
Behaviour research and therapyauthors
Strunk DR,Adler ADdoi
10.1016/j.brat.2008.10.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
34-40issue
1eissn
0005-7967issn
1873-622Xpii
S0005-7967(08)00212-Xjournal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:This study tests the hypothesis that worry is associated with psychotic experiences and examines whether worry would contribute significantly to emotional response independently of the intensity of psychotic experiences. This study also explores differences in worry between patients with a diagnosis of a sch...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.010
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although research supports the efficacy of exposure therapy for PTSD, some evidence suggests that exposure is under-utilized in general clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to assess licensed psychologists' use of imaginal exposure for PTSD and to investigate perceived barriers to its implementation. A tot...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00138-4
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:20 patients with somatoform disorders as defined by DSM-IV and 20 healthy controls were examined for their proprioception. Several psychophysiological theories of somatoform disorders suggest biased proprioceptive abilities. The primary question is, whether we may find an inaccurate myogen perception in somatization a...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00108-x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent theoretical accounts point to disgust as an important factor in the development and persistence of sexual dysfunctions. This study tested if (i) contingent disgust experiences can render initially sexually arousing stimuli disgusting, and (ii) such acquired disgust responses could be best neutralized via a CS-o...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2020.103714
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A defining characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unsuccessful suppression of unwanted thoughts. Recent evidence of individual differences in ability to control intrusive thoughts may inform our understanding of failures of cognitive control associated with OCD symptomatology. The current study inves...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.014
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nineteen of 27 patients suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) who had completed a multicomponent treatment involving progressive muscle relaxation, thermal biofeedback, cognitive therapy and IBS education were located and evaluated 4 yr posttreatment. Seventeen of 19 (89.5, or 63% of the total original sample)...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(90)90085-w
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nightmares can be effectively treated with cognitive-behavioral therapies. Though it remains elusive which therapeutic elements are responsible for the beneficial effects on nightmare symptoms, imagery rescripting (IR) and imaginal exposure (IE) are commonly identified as active treatment components of nightmare thera...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.005
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interference effects on threat words in anxious subjects on the emotional Stroop task have generally been interpreted as evidence for mood-congruent attentional bias in anxiety states. However, several recent studies have yielded results that run contrary to this attentional bias explanation. The most important of the...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(94)90128-7
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fears among children can range from relatively innocuous fears of simple objects to significant phobias that affect youths' everyday functioning in the home, school, or community environments. This study investigated empirically derived fear profiles among American youth ages 7-19 (N=556). Based upon youths' scores on...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00258-9
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep are presumed to play an important mediating role in perpetuating insomnia. The present study evaluated the impact of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for insomnia on sleep-related beliefs and attitudes and the relationship between those changes and sle...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00055-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Body dissatisfaction in females is common and a risk factor for the development of an eating disorder. This study tested whether body dissatisfaction could be improved using a brief conditioning intervention in which photographs of participants' bodies were selectively paired with positive social stimuli (smi...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2015.04.003
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate predictors and moderators of treatment outcome by comparing immediate face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy (FtF-CBT) to a Stepped Care treatment model comprising three steps: Psychoeducation, Internet-delivered CBT, and FtF-CBT for panic disorder (PD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). ME...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.002
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The psychological consequences of bullying have been the focus of much research over the last 25 years. However, the relationship between bullying and psychotic experiences has been relatively ignored despite the weight of evidence which suggests that traumatic events in childhood are significantly related to psychoti...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.009
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study examined the effects of negative information on the enhancement of childhood fear. A large group of normal primary school children aged between 4 and 12 years (N=285) received either negative or positive information about an unknown, doglike animal, called 'the beast'. Children's fears were assessed ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00137-1
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to help patients establish new behaviors that will be maintained and adapted to the demands of new situations. The long-term outcomes are therefore crucial in testing the durability of CBT. METHOD:A two-year follow-up assessment was undertaken on a subsample of n = 146...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.009
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypotheses that among subclinical panickers, avoidance of panic-related situations would be associated with elevated substance use levels and increased likelihood of lifetime diagnoses of substance dependence and major depressive disorder (MDD) were tested. Findings confirmed that panic-related avoidance was assoc...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2009.10.001
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent literature has emphasized the importance of instituting procedures for preventing relapse in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study presents data documenting the effect of a maintenance program on the long term (2-year) adjustment of a group of patients with OCD treated with exposure and response preve...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00105-2
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social phobics, anxious controls and non-patient controls took part in a brief videotaped conversation with a stooge in order to investigate the cognitive model of social phobia. Thoughts, behaviour, and attention during the conversation were assessed. Compared to the control groups, social phobics had more negative s...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(93)90024-o
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite epidemiological reports indicating an association between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and cannabis use disorders (CUD), there is a paucity of research exploring the nature of this relationship. The present investigation examined potential moderators of this relationship that are consistent with a tension-red...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.002
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that an increased attentional focus on the mother should be maladaptive in middle childhood. However, the effect of a more narrow attentional field around the mother may depend on the mother-child relationship. The current study tested whether a more narrow attentional field around the mother is ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animal research has shown that anxiety may inhibit pain through the release of endogenous opioids. On the other hand, anxiety is often believed to exacerbate pain in clinical situations, and anxiety reduction has been shown to attenuate the affective component of pain. In the present study phobic anxiety was induced b...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00100-4
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One line of research has examined attentional bias as a potential maintenance factor in social anxiety using cognitive experiment paradigms. The present study sought to examine the utility of the inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm for assessing attentional bias in social anxiety. Unlike other existing paradigms suc...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.001
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The psychometric characteristics of the Beck Self-Esteem Scales (BSE) are described for 360 psychiatric outpatients. Patients rated their evaluative beliefs about themselves (Self Scale) and their beliefs about how others evaluate them (Other Scale). Both measures consist of 18 pairs of adjectives, e.g., lovable-unlov...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00028-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates two factors hypothesised as relevant to obsessional problems because of the way in which they influence decisions whether or not to act to prevent harm. These are (i) the way in which intrusive thoughts increase the internal awareness of harm, and confront the person with the possibility of tak...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00145-x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although cognitive over-arousal has been hypothesised as a causal factor in sleep-onset insomnia, relatively little is known about the specific pre-sleep intrusions which delay sleep. To investigate this relationship adequately 'live', verifiable, unobtrusive and independent monitoring of thought process and sleep pat...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00136-9
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using the lick-suppression methodology of Jacobs, Buttrick & Kennedy (Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 23, 29-34, 1988), a conditioned emotional response (CER) was established in 24 rats using off-the-baseline pairings of a light (the conditional stimulus) and brief footshock (the unconditioned stimulus). Foll...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(90)90055-n
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examines whether imaginal exposure leads to symptom exacerbation, systematically comparing individuals who received prolonged exposure (PE) to those who received pharmacotherapy. The study also examined whether common clinical features increase the likelihood of symptom exacerbation. METHOD:In 151...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2020.103747
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective study was conducted to examine the extent to which phobias are associated with a conditioning pathway to fear. The Phobic Origin Questionnaire (Ost and Hugdahl, Behav. Res. Ther. 19, 439-477, 1981) was administered to a sample of 91 phobic outpatients (patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia, soc...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7967(89)90149-6
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to consider the possible origins of an inflated sense of responsibility which occupies an important place in the cognitive theory of obsessive compulsive disorder (Rachman, S. (1993). Obsessions, responsibility, and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 149-154. Salkovskis, P. M. (198...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00063-7
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. ...
journal_title：Behaviour research and therapy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.009
更新日期：2010-11-02 00:00:00
