Abstract：
:The accuracies of relative gene expressions as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction are largely dependent on the variabilities of the reference genes used. Validation of the stabilities of reference genes under experimental conditions is an essential initial step for comparative studies on the expression levels of target genes in experimental groups. Using three total RNA samples extracted independently from Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae and adults, we determined the gene expression stabilities of eight reference gene candidates and the relative transcript levels of three target genes using the geNorm program. The reference genes found to be stably expressed in metacercariae and adults were phosphoglycerate kinase, beta-actin, and calcyphosine; reference genes found to be stably expressed under gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated conditions were succinate dehydrogenase, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, and beta-actin; and those stably expressed regardless of bile treatment were small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, phosphoglycerate kinase, and succinate dehydrogenase. According to our data, the expression levels of target genes are dependent on normalization factors, such as the C (T) values of single reference genes and the geometric mean of the C (T) values of three reference genes. When comparing C. sinensis gene expressions, we propose to employ the geometric mean of the C (T) values of more than three reference genes validated in the same experimental setting.
journal_name
Parasitol Resjournal_title
Parasitology researchauthors
Yoo WG,Kim TI,Li S,Kwon OS,Cho PY,Kim TS,Kim K,Hong SJdoi
10.1007/s00436-008-1195-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
321-8issue
2eissn
0932-0113issn
1432-1955journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Antibody responses to naturally acquired Plasmodium relictum and P. elongatum infections, blood parasitemia, and disease signs were investigated in 23 naive juvenile African black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus). Anti-Plasmodium spp. immunoglobulins were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) usin...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00932944
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that differentiates into latent cysts (bradyzoite) that can be reactivated during immunosuppression. TgSRCAP (Toxoplasma gondii Snf2-related CBP activator protein) is a SWI2/SNF2 family chromatin remodeler whose expression increases during cyst development. Iden...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-004-1291-5
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mosquitoes are the major vector for the transmission of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, schistosomiasis, and Japanese encephalitis. Mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative b...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-013-3709-4
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A molecular approach was used to analyse a focus of cercarial dermatitis in northeastern France (Lake Der-Chantecoq), including both cercariae and snails,by sequencing the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 for ocellate furcocercariae and ITS2 for snails). Lymnaea stagnalis were found infected with the furcocercariae ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-004-1273-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute phase serum (APS) given at the time of challenge with Plasmodium berghei inhibited the generation to immunity to the infecting plasmodia. Administered with a single dose of vaccine, it inhibited induction of immunity by the vaccine. Three weekly doses, the last given two weeks before infection, induced immunity....
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00536022
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the present study, we offer new information on the morphology, histopathology, and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of Myxobolus scardinii to supplement and revise the original description of Reuss (Bull Acad Imp Sci St-Pétersbourg, V Serie, XXV, No. 3: 199-205, 1906). M. scardinii was found infecting the gill...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4587-8
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potent compounds do not necessarily make the best drugs in the market. Consequently, with the aim to describe tools that may be fundamental for refining the screening of candidates for animal and preclinical studies and further development, molecules of different structural classes synthesized within the frame of a br...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-014-4210-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors previously reported that an extract from Zingiber officinale, traditionally eaten along with raw fish and used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively destroyed Anisakis larvae in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the effective components of ginger rhizomes. Methanol extracts were fractionated after f...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00931082
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed extra chromosomal genomes of avian blood protozoa, Leucocytozoon caulleryi. One of the genomes, the mitochondrial genome was completely sequenced resulting 5,959 bp in length. This genome contained the identical gene organization and contents to that of other avian blood protozoa previously analyzed: three...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-008-1083-4
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Turkey's tick fauna is composed of about 32 species in two families and ten genera in mammals, reptiles, and birds. The ticks of veterinary significance in the family Ixodidae comprise seven genera with 28 different species. Ixodes spp. are mostly seen in northern Turkey. It is likely that the high rainfall and the in...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-007-0694-5
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addressing the problems linked to tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiases requires considerable data on tsetse distribution and trypanosome infections. Although efforts to map tsetse and trypanosome infections have been undertaken at continental level, published data are still rare in wildlife reserves of West and Central ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-020-06606-6
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Larvae of the eye fluke, Diplostomum, emerge from snails and infect fish by penetrating skin or gills, then move to the lens where they may impair the vision of the fish. For the fluke to reproduce, a bird must eat the infected fish, and it has been suggested that they therefore actively manipulate the fish's behaviou...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-017-5439-5
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For years, mammals of the order Pilosa have been considered Leishmania reservoirs. But while most studies have focused on sloth species, anteaters have been overlooked, and in many Leishmania endemic countries like Mexico, no studies have been carried out. The aims of this work were to identify the presence of Leishma...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00436-019-06253-6
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although miltefosine (MIL) has only recently been positioned as a first-line therapeutic option for visceral leishmaniasis, field reports note an increasing trend in treatment failures. Study of laboratory selected MIL-resistant strains is needed in the absence of confirmed resistant clinical isolates. In contrast to ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4460-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound, induces growth-inhibitory and antiparasitic effects in Taenia taeniaeformis metacestodes in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the uptake and localization of [3H]-gossypol in this parasite. Metacestodes were incubated in 10(-5) M [3H]-gossypol at 37 degrees C. Parasites stead...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00932182
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blastocystis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with global distribution. However, limited data exist on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in the USA and in food animals. We conducted the first large-scale molecular investigation of Blastocystis in the USA by testing 2539 fecal samples from dairy heif...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-018-6149-3
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance in sheep gastrointestinal trichostrongyles is a cosmopolitan major constraint to small ruminant production. Despite reports that anthelmintic drug resistance has become common, there are limited information on the presence of drug resistance in Italy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effe...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-007-0707-4
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ligictaluridus michaelalicea n. sp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae) is described from the gills of Pylodictis olivaris (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) from Wisconsin and Iowa portions of the upper Mississippi River. Diagnostic features include a relatively large, strongly curved tubular cirrus with minor ter...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-018-5757-2
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure modulation of follicular cells and the ovarian changes during fourth larval instar and pupal stage of the malaria vector mosquitoes Anopheles pharoensis Theobald were investigated using the light and electron microscopy. The generative organs consist of a pair of polytrophic ovaries (OV), which are oblon...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-014-4099-y
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four new and four previously described species of Annulotrema were collected from the gills of four species (three genera, i.e. Alestes, Hydrocynus and Brycinus) of African tetras from Lake Turkana, Kenya: Annulotrema alestesnursi Paperna, 1973 from Brycinus nurse; Annulotrema ansatum n. sp., Annulotrema besalis Řehul...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4682-x
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Because the methods of diagnosis and treatment for cystic echinococcosis were limited, it is still necessary to screen target proteins for the development of new anti-hydatidosis vaccine. In this study, the triosephosphate isomerase gene ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-016-5166-3
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An inexpensive and simple method using acid-phenol was developed for the isolation of total RNA from eimerian oocysts. This procedure provides a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed in under 2 h. ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004360050446
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribosomal RNA genes have been cloned from the major species of African trypanosomes. Complete nucleotide sequence composition of the small subunit (SSU) and portions of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA genes was determined for each of these trypanosome species. In contrast to the situation in Trypanosoma brucei, ...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004360100383
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracts were prepared from leaf, bark, and seed of Azadirachta indica, leaf and seed of Prunus persica, bark of Mangifera indica, and leaf of Psidium guajava and were evaluated against Boophilus microplus. Of the eight extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the A. indica seed showed very high level of efficacy...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-008-1173-3
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to viable Acanthamoeba may cause fatal encephalitis and blinding keratitis in humans. Quantification of environmental Acanthamoeba by a reliable analytical assay is essential to assess the risk of human exposure and efficacy of control measures (e.g., superheating). Two DNA binding dyes (ethidium monoazide (E...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-013-3556-3
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Head lice infestation (HLI) caused by Pediculus humanus capitis has been a public health problem worldwide. Specially designed combs are used to identify head lice, while anti-lice products are applied on the scalp for treatment. In the present study, we aimed to test whether combing only by precision detection comb (...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-015-4311-8
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To contribute to the knowledge of the role of small mammals in the transmission cycle of tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis, we studied the small mammal community and its temporal and spatial association with phlebotominae, as well as small mammal infection by Leishmania spp. by PCR-RFLP analy...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-017-5714-5
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study evaluated, for the first time, the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-range chickens from the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Tissue samples from 33 chickens from properties in five municipalities of Paraíba (Esperança, Olho d'Água, Malta, Monteiro, and Patos) were bioassayed in m...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-017-5531-x
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxocara canis is an intestinal nematode of canids with a worldwide distribution, causing an important but neglected parasitic zoonosis in humans. Aquaporins (AQP) are a family of water channel proteins, which function as membrane channels to regulate water homeostasis. In this study, the coding sequence of aquaporin-...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-016-5129-8
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artesuante (AS) is a good chemoprophylactic drug for preventing against schistosome infection, but Hua et al. recently reported that the sensitivity of AS against Schistosoma japonicum decreased after 10 years of use in China. There are at least three problems, to our knowledge, making the finding suspicious or inconc...
journal_title：Parasitology research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00436-011-2641-8
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
